APPENDIX. ANALYTICAL EVIDENCE. 



83 



Carbon 

 Hydrogen 

 Nitrogen > 

 Oxygen $" 

 Asnes . 

 Water 



Water 

 Dry Matter 



75 74-8 

 25 25-2 



100 100-0 



100-0 100-0 100 100-000 



3. CALCULATION, 



with the help of the preceding data, of the amount of carbon expired by an adult man. 

 The following results are deduced from observations made (see table) on the average 

 daily consumption of food, by from 27 to 30 soldiers in barracks for a month, or by 855 

 men for one day. The food, consisting of bread, potatoes, meat, lentils, pease, beans, &,c., 

 was weighed, with the utmost exactness, every day during a month (including even pep- 

 per, salt, and butter ;) and each article of food was separately subjected to ultimate analysis. 

 The only exceptions, among the men, to the uniform allowance of food, were three soldiers 

 of the guard, who, in addition to the daily allowance of 2 Ibs. of bread, received, during 

 each of the periods allotted for the pay of the troops, 2$ Ibs. extra; and one drummer who, 

 in the same period, left 2 Ibs. unconsumed. According to an approximative report by 

 the sergeant-major, each soldier consumes daily, on an average, out of barracks, 3 oz. 

 of sausage, oz. of butter, pint of beer, and y^ pint of brandy ; the carbon of which 

 articles amounts to more than double that of the faeces and urine taken together. In the 

 soldier, the faces amount daily, on an average, to 5 oz.; they contain 75 per cent, of 

 water, and the dry residue contains 45-24 per cent, of carbon, and 13-15 per cent, of 

 ashes. 100 parts of fresh faeces consequently contain 11-31 per cent, of carbon, very 

 nearly the same proportion as in fresh meat. In the calculation, the carbon of the faeces 

 and of the urine has been assumed as equal to that of green vegetables, and of the food 

 (sausages, butter, beer, &c.) consumed in the alehouse. 



From the observations, as recorded in the table, the following conclusions are deduced. 



Flesh. Meat devoid of fat, if reckoned at 74 per cent, water, and 26 per cent, dry matter, 



contains in 100 parts very nearly 13-6 parts of carbon. Ordinary meat contains both fat and 



cellular tissue, which together amount to ^th of the weight of the meat as bought from the 



butcher. The number of ounces consumed (by 855 men) was 4,448, consisting, therefore, of 



3812-5 oz. of flesh, free from fat, containing of carbon 518-5 oz. 



635-5 oz. of fat and cellular tissue, ditto 449-0 oz. 



4448-0 oz. In all, carbon 967-5 oz. 



With the bones, the meat, as purchased, contains 29 per cent, of fixed matter, including 

 bones ; 4,448 oz. of flesh therefore contain 448 oz. of dry bones. These have not been 

 included in the calculation, although, whe-n boiled, they yield from 8 to 10 per cent, of 

 gelatine, which is taken as food in the soup. 



Fat. The amount of fat consumed was 56 oz.; which, the carbon being calculated 

 at 80 per cent., contain in all 44*8 oz. of carbon. 



Lentils, pease and beans. There were consumed 53*5 oz. of lentils, 185-5 oz. of pease 

 and 218 oz. of beans. Assuming the average amount of carbon in these vegetables to 

 be 37 per cent., the total quantity of carbon consumed in this form was 169-1 oz. 



Potatoes. 100 parts of fresh potatoes contain 12*2 parts of carbon. In the 15*876 oz. 

 of potatoes consumed, therefore, the amount of carbon was 1936*85 oz. 



Bread. 855 men eat daily 855 times 32 oz., besides 36 Ibs. of bread in the soup, 

 which in all amounts to 27,936 oz. 100 oz. of fresh bread contain, on an average, 30*15 

 oz. of carbon ; consequently the carbon consumed in ihe bread amounts to 8771-5 oz. 

 The total consumption, therefore, was, 



In the meat 967-50 oz. of carbon 



In the fat 44-80 ditto 



In the lentils, pease, and beans . 169*10 ditto 



In the potatoes 1936-85 ditto 



In the bread . . 8771-50 ditto 



Consumed by 855 men 

 Consumed by 1 man 



ditto 

 ditto 



