92 ANIMAL CHEMISTRY. 



This is a hint for those who keep bees, to limit the building of comb. Cnauf has already 

 recommended this, although he was not acquainted with the true relations of the subject. 

 From 1 oz. of wax, bees can build cells enough to contain 1 Ib. of honey. 



100 laminae of wax weigh 0*024 gramme (rather more than of a grain,) consequently, 

 1 kilogramme (= 15,360 grains) will contain 4,166,666 laminae. Hence, f of an ounce 

 will contain 81,367 laminae. Now this quantity was produced by 2,765 bees in six days ; 

 so that the bee requires for the formation of its 8 laminae (one crop) about thirty-eight 

 hours, which agrees very well with my observations. 



The laminae, when formed, are as white as bleached wax. The cells also, at first, are 

 quite white, but they are coloured yellow by the honey, and still more by the pollen. 

 When the cold weather comes on, the bees retire to the hive under the honey, and live 

 on the stock they have accumulated. 



P. 54. Many believe that bees are hybernating animals ; but the opinion is quite erro- 

 neous. They are lively throughout the winter ; and the hive is always warm in conse- 

 quence of the heat which they generate. The more numerous the bees in a hive, the 

 more heat is developed ; and hence strong hives can resist the most intense cold. It once 

 happened that I forgot to remove from the door, which was unusually large, of a hive 

 in winter, a perforated plate of tinned iron, which I had fastened over the opening to 

 diminish the heat in July; and yet this hive came well through the winter, although the 

 cold was very severe, having been for several days so low as 0. But I had added to 

 this hive the bees of two other hives ! When the cold is very intense, the bees begin to 

 hum. By this means respiration is accelerated and the developement of heat increased. 

 If, in summer, bees without a queen are shut up in a glass box, they become uneasy and 

 begin to hum. So much heat is by this means developed, that the plates of glass become 

 quite hot. If the door be not opened in this case, or if air be not admitted, and if the 

 glass be not cooled by the aid of water, the bees are soon suffocated. 



Gay Lussac Calculated 



and Thenard.a De Saussurc.6 Oppermann.o Ettling.d Hess.e C20H20O. 



Carbon . 81-784 81-607 81-291 81-15 81-52 81-38 

 Hydrogen . 12-672 13.859 14-073 13-75 13-23 13-28 

 Oxygen . 5-544 4-534 4-636 5-09 5-25 5-34 



a Traite de Chimie, par M. Thenard, 6me. Ed. TV., 477. 



b Ann. de Ch. et de Phys. XIII., 310. c Ibid. XLIX.., 224. 



d Annal. der Pharm., II., 267. e Ibid. XX VII., 6. 



NOTE (21) a, p. 36. 



COMPOSITION OF HYDRATED CYANURIC ACID, OR HYDRATED CYANIC ACID, AND OF CTAME- 

 LIDE, IN 100 PARTS, ACCORDING TO THE ANALYSIS OF WOHLER AND LIEBJG.*a 



Cyanuric acid, cyanic acid, cyamehde. 



Carbon 28-19 



Hydrogen 2-30 



Nitrogen .*'' 32-63 



Oxygen 36-87 



a Poggendorff's Annalen, XX., 375 et seq. 



NOTE (21) b. p. 36. 



COMPOSITION OF ALDEHYDE, METALDEHYDE, AND ELALDEHYDE.fl 



Aldehyde. Metaldehyde. Elaldehyde. Calculated 



Liebig.* Fehling.* C4H4O2. 



Carbon 55-024 '54-511 54-620 54-467' 55-024 



Hydrogen . 8-983 9-054 9-248 9-075 8-983 



Oxygen . 35-993 36-435 36-132 36-458 35-993 



a Ann. der Pharm., XIV., 142, und XXVII., 319. 



NOTE (22,) p. 37. 



COMPOSITION OF PROTEINE. 



Carbon 

 Hydrogen 

 Nitrogen 

 Oxygen 



a Ann. der Chem. nnd Pharm., XL.. 43. 



