INDEX. 



A. 



A.cid, Acetic. Composition ; and relation to that 

 of aldehyde, 80, 81. 



Acid, Benzoic. Composition, and relation to that 

 of oil of bitter almonds, 80, 8 1 . Converted into 

 hippuric acid in the human body, 48, 101. 



Acid, Carbonic. Is the form in which the in- 

 spired oxygen and the carbon of the food are 

 given out, 14. Its formation in the body the 

 chief source of animal heat, 15 16. Occurs 

 combined with potash and soda, in the serum 

 of the blood, 21. Formed by the action of 

 oxygen on the products of the metamorphosis 

 of the tissues, 26. Its formation may also be 

 connected with the production of fat from 

 starch, 32 34. Generated by putrefaction of 

 food in the stomach of animals, 39. Also by 

 the fermentation of bad wine in man, when it 

 causes death by penetrating into the lungs, 39. 

 Escapes through both skin and lungs, 39. Pro- 

 duced, along with urea, by the oxidation of uric 

 acid, 45. Produced with several other com- 

 pounds, by the bxidation of blood, 45. May 

 be formed, along with choleic acid, from hip- 

 puric acid, starch and oxygen, 49. Also, along 

 with choleic acid, urea, and ammonia, by the 

 action of water and oxygen on staich and pro- 

 teine, 49. Produced, along with fat and urea, 

 from proteine, by the action of water and oxy- 

 gen, in the absence of soda, 49. Combines 

 with the compound of iron present in venous 

 blood, and is given off when oxygen is ab- 

 sorbed, 78. Is absorbed by the serum of blood 

 in all states, 78. 



Acid, Cerebric. Its composition, 57. Its pro- 

 perties, 58. 



Acid, Choleic. Represents the organic portion 

 of the bile, 44. Its formula, 44. Its trans- 

 formations, 42. Half its formula, added to that 

 of urate of ammonia, is equal to the formula of 

 blood 4~ a little oxygen and water, 44. Pro- 

 duced in the oxidation of blood, 45. Views 

 which may be taken of its composition, 47. 

 May be formed by the action of oxygen and 

 water on proteine and starch, 48. Products 

 of its oxidation, 49. Various ways in which 

 it may be supposed to be formed in the body, 

 51. Its composition, 96. Cannot be said to 

 exist ready formed in the bile, 97. 



Acid, Cholic. Its composition, 98. Derived 

 from choleic acid, 44. Possible relation to 

 choleic acid, 47. 



Acid, Choloidic. Its composition, 96. Derived 

 from choleic acid, 44. Possible relation to 

 choleic acid, 47. Possible relation to starch, 51. 

 Possible relation to proteine, 46. 



Acid, Cyanic. Its formula, 81. 



Acid, Cyanuric. Its formula, 81. 



\cid, Hippuric. Its composition, 98. Appears 

 in the urine of stall-fed animals, 31. Is de- 

 stroyed by exercise, 31 , 45. Is probably formed ; 



in the oxidation of blood, 45. Is found in the 

 human urine after benzoic acid has been ad- 

 ministered, 48, 101. May be derived from pro- 

 teine when acted on by oxygen and uric acid, 

 48. With starch and oxygen, it may produce 

 choleic and carbonic acids, 48. May be derived 

 from the oxidation of choleic acid, 49. 



Acid, Hydrocyanic or Prussic. Its poisonous ac- 

 tion explained, 80. 



Acid, Lithofellic. Its composition, 100. Probably 

 derived from the oxidation of choleic acid : is 

 the chief constituent of bezoar stones, 49. 



Acid, Lactic. Its composition, 93. Its origin, 

 38. Does not exist in the healthy gastric 

 juice, 38. 



Acid, Margaric. Exists in bile, 97. 



Acid, Muriatic. Exists in the free state in the 

 gastric juice, 37, 38. Is derived from common 

 salt, 38, 52. 



Acid, Oxaluric. Analysis of, 99. 



Acid, Parabanic. Analysis of, 99. 



Acid, Phosphoric. Exists in the urine of the 

 carnivora in considerable quantity, 30, 52. Its 

 proportion very small in that of the gramini- 

 vora, 31. Derived from the phosphorus of the 

 tissues, 30. It is retained in the body to form 

 bones and nervous matter, 31. 



Acid, Sulphuric. Exists in the urine of the car- 

 nivora, 30, 52. Derived from the sulphur of 

 the tissues, 30. 



Acid, Uric. Its composition, 98. Products of 

 its oxidation, alloxan, carbonic acid, oxalic acid, 

 urea, &c., 45. Is probably derived, along with 

 choleic acid, by the action of oxygen and water 

 on blood or muscle, 44. Disappears almost en- 

 tirely in the system of man and of the highei 

 animals, 24, 41. Appears as calculus, when 

 there is a deficiency of oxygen, 44. Never 

 occurs in phthisical cases, 45. Yields mulberry 

 calculus when the quantity of oxygen is some- 

 what increased, but only urea and carbonic acid 

 with a full supply of oxygen, 45. Uric acid 

 calculus promoted by the use of fat and of cer- 

 tain wines, 45. Unknown on the Rhine, 45. 

 Uric acid and urea, how related to allantoine, 

 46; to gelatine, 46. Forms the greater part 

 of the urine of serpents, 24. Yields, with the 

 elements of proteine and oxygen, hippuric acid 

 and urea, 48. How related to taurine, 49. 

 Calculi of it never occur in wild carnivora, but 

 often in men who use little animal food, 47. 



Affinity, Chemical. Is the ultimate cause of the 

 vital phenomena, 13. Is active only in the 

 case of contact, and depends much on the order 

 in which the particles are arranged, 62. Its 

 equilibrium renders a compound liable to trans- 

 formations, 63. In producing the vital pheno- 

 mena, it is modified by other forces, 63. It is 

 not alone the vital force or vitality, but is ex- 

 erted in subordination to that force, 70. 



Air. Introduced into the stomach during digestion 



103 



