INDEX. 



105 



Bees. Their power of forming wax from honey, 

 9092. 



Benzoic Acid. See Acid, Benioic. 



Berthollet. His analysis of oxalic acid, 99. 



Berzelius. His analysis of potato starch, 88 ; of 

 sugar of milk, 89 ; of gum, 89 ; of cane sugar, 90. 



Bezoar stones. See Acid, Lithofellic. 



Blanchet. His analysis of solanine, 100. 



Bile. In the carnivora is a product of the meta- 

 morphosis of the tissues, along with urate of 

 ammonia, 44. May be represented by choleate 

 of soda, with which, however, it is not identi- 

 cal, 97. Products of its transformation, 44, 

 97. Remarks on these, 96 97. Origin of 

 bile, 26, 46. Starch, &c., contribute to its 

 formation in the herbivora, 47, 48, 51, 53. 

 Soda essential to it, 49, 52. Relation of bile 

 to urine, 50, To starch, 51. To fibrine, 44. 

 To caffeine, &c., asparagine, and theobromine, 

 57. For the acid substances derived from bile, 

 choleic, choloidic, and cholic acids, see Acid, 

 Choleic, &c. Yields taurine, 44. Contains 

 cholesterine, 32, 97. Also stearic and mar- 

 garic acids, 97. Its function: to support 

 respiration and produce animal heat by pre- 

 senting carbon and hydrogen in a very soluble 

 form to the oxygen of the arterial blood, 26, 27. 

 Amount secreted by the dog, the horse, and 

 man, 27. It returns entirely into the circula- 

 tion, and disappears completely, 26, 27. 



Blood. The fluid from which every part of the 

 body is formed, 13. Its chief constituents, 21. 

 How formed from vegetable food, 22. Can 

 only be formed from compounds of proteine, 23. 

 Is therefore entirely derived from vegetable pro- 

 ducts in the herbivora, and indirectly also by 

 the carnivora, which feed on the flesh of the 

 former, 23. Its composition identical with that 

 of flesh, 44. Analysis of both, 96. The se- 

 cretions contain all the elements of the blood, 

 43. Its relation to bile and urine, 44. Pro- 

 ducts of the oxidation of blood, 45. Excess of 

 azotized food produces fulness of blood and dis- 

 ease, 47. Soda is present in the blood, 52. 

 Important properties of the blood, 5455. 

 Venous blood contains iron, probably as pro- 

 toxide ; arterial blood, probably as peroxide, 79. 

 Theory of the poisonous action of sulphuretted 

 hydrogen and prussic acid: they decompose 

 the compound of iron in the blood, 79. The 

 blood, in analogous morbid states, ought to be 

 chemically examined, 80. 



Blood-letting. Theory of its mode of action, 78. 

 It may produce opposite effects in different 

 cases, 77. 



Boeckmann. His analysis of black bread, 83 ; of 

 potatoes, 83; of dry beef, 96; of dry blood, 96; 

 of roasted flesh, 100. 



Bones. Phosphoric acid of the food regained to 

 assist in forming them, 31. Gelatine of bones 

 digested by dogs, 35. See, further, Gelatine. 

 Cause of brittleness in bones, 36. 



Boussingault. His analysis of potatoes, 83. His 

 comparison of the food and excretions in the 

 horse and cow, Table, 86. His analysis of 

 gluten, 87; of vegetable albumen, 87; of ve- 

 getable caseine, 88; of oats, 89; of hay, 89. 



Braconnot. On the presence of lactic acid in 

 gastric juice, 38 ; of iron in the gastric juice of 

 the dog, 38. 



Brain. See Acid, Cerebric, and Nervous Matter. 

 14 



Bread. Analysis of, 83. 



Brund. His analysis of sugar of milk, 89. 



Buckwheat. Analysis of starch from, 88. 



Burdach. His statement of the amount of bila 

 secreted by animals, 27. 



Butter. Forms a part of the food of soldiers in 

 Germany, 83, 84. 



Buzzard. Its excrements consist of urate of am- 

 monia, 24. 



C. 



Caffeine. Identical with theine, 56. Its relation 

 to taurine and bile, 56. Theory of its mode of 

 action, 57. Its composition, 101. 



Cane Sugar. Its composition, 90. 



Carbon. Is accumulated in the bile, 21. Is given 

 off as carbonic acid, 14. Excess of carbon 

 causes hepatic diseases, 17. By combining 

 with oxygen, it yields the greater part of the 

 animal heat. See Animal Heat, Bile, and Acid, 

 Carbonic. Amount of carbon oxidized daily in 

 the body of a man, 14. Calculations on which 

 this statement is founded, 82 85. Amount 

 consumed by the horse and cow, 14. Different 

 proportions of carbon in different kinds of food, 

 15. Carbon of flesh compared with that of 

 starch, showing the advantage of a mixed diet, 

 30. Calculation on which this statement is 

 founded, 89. Amount of, carbon in dry blood 

 calculated, 82. Amount in the food of prisoners 

 calculated, 87. 



Carbonic Acid. See Acid, Carbonic. 



Carbonates. They occur in the blood, 21. 



Calculus, Mulberry. Derived from the imperfed 

 oxidation of uric acid, 45. Uric acid calculus 

 is formed in- consequence of deficiency of in- 

 spired oxygen, or excess of carbon in the food, 

 45. See Acid, Uric. Bezoar stones composed 

 of lithofellic acid, 49. 



Carnivora. Their nutrition the most simple, 22. 

 It is ultimately derived from vegetables, 23. 

 Their young, like graminivora, require non- 

 azotized compounds in their food, 23. Their 

 bile is formed from the metamorphosis of their 

 tissues, 25, 26. The process of assimilation in 

 adult and young carnivora compared, 27. Their 

 urine, 30. The assimilative process in adult 

 carnivora less energetic than in graminivora, 31. 

 They are destitute of fat, 31. They swallow 

 less air with their food than graminivora, 40. 

 Concretions of uric acid are never found in 

 them, 47. Both soda and ammonia found in 

 their urine, 52. 



Caseine. One of the azotized nutritious products 

 of vegetable life, 22. Abundant in leguminous 

 plants, 22. Identical in organic composition 

 with fibrine and albumen, 22, 23. Animal 

 caseine found in milk and cheese; identical 

 with vegetable caseine, 23. Furnishes blood 

 to the young animal, 24. Is- one of the plastic 

 elements of nutrition, 35. Yields proteine, 37. 

 Its relation to proteine, 42. It contains sul- 

 phur, 42. Potash essential to its production, 52. 

 Contains more of the earth of bones than blood 

 does, 24. Its analysis, 88. 



Cerebric Acid. See Acid, Cerebric. 



Change of Matter. See Metamorphosis of Tisbuea. 



Chemical Attraction. See Affinity. 



Chevreul. His researches on fat, 32. His ana 

 lysis of fat, 90 ; of cholesterine, 90. 



Chloride of Sodium. See Common Salt 



Choleic Acid. See Acid, Choleic. 



