108 



INDEX. 



Kidneys. They separate from the arterial blood 

 the nitrogenized compounds destined for excre- 

 tion, 49. 



L. 



Lactic Acid. See Acid, Lactic. 



Lavoisier. His calculation of the amount of in- 

 spired oxygen, 14, 81. 



Lehmann. On the presence of lactic acid in 

 gastric juice, 38. 



Liebig. His analysis of sugar of milk, 89; of 

 cane sugar, 90 ; of aldehyde, 92 ; of uric acid, 

 97; of hippuric acid, 98 ; of quinine, 100; of 

 morphia, 101; of asparagine, 101. His calcu- 

 lation of the carbon daily expired as carbonic 

 acid, 14, 82. Table, 84. His remarks on 

 Demargay's researches on bile, 96, 97. 



Liebig and Pfaff. Their analysis of caffeine, 101. 



Liebig and Wohler. Their analysis of alloxan, 

 98 ; of urea, 98 ; of allantoine, 98 ; of xanthic 

 oxide, 99 ; of oxaluric acid, 99 ; of parabanic 

 acid, 99. 



Lentils. Contain vegetable caseine, 22. Ana- 

 lysis of, 82, 83. Form part of the diet of sol- 

 diers in Germany, 83. Table, 85. 



Light. Its influence on vegetable life analogous 

 to that of heat on animal life, 69. 



Lime. Phosphate of. See Bones. 



Liver. It separates from the venous blood the 



carbonized constituents destined for respiration, 



25. Diseases of the liver, how produced, 1 6. 



Accumulation of fat in the liver of the goose, 35. 



M. 



Maize. Analysis of starch from, 88. 



Marchand. On the amount of urea in the urine 

 of the dog when fed on sugar, 26. His ana- 

 lysis of cholesterine, 90. 



Marcet. His analysis of gluten, 87. 



Martius. His analysis of guaranine, 101 



Mechanical Effects. See Motion. 



Medicine. Definition of the objects of, 75 et seq, 

 Action of medicinal agents, 54 et seq. 



Menzies. His calculation of the amount of in- 

 spired oxygen, 14, 81. 



Metaldehyde. See Aldehyde. 



Metamorphosis of Tissues, 36 et seq. In other 

 parts of the volume, passim. 



Milk. Is the only natural product perfectly fitted 

 to sustain life, 23. Contains caseine, 23. Fat 

 (butter), 23. Sugar of milk, 23. Earth of 

 bones, 23. And potash, 52. 



Morphia. Contains less nitrogen than quinine, 

 56. Its analysis, 101. 



Mitscherlich. His analysis of uric acid, 96 ; of 

 hippuric acid, 96. 



Momentum. Offeree, 61. Of motion, 61. 



Motion. Phenomena of motion in the animal 

 body, 60 et seq. Different sources of motion, 

 60. Momentum of motion, 61. Motion pro- 

 pagated by nerves, 60. Voluntary and invo- 

 luntary motions accompanied by a change of 

 form and structure in living parts, 66. Motion 

 derived from change of matter, 66 et seq. The 

 cause of motion in the animal body is a peculiar 

 force, 69. The sum of the effects of motion in 

 the body proportional to the amount of nitrogen 

 in the urine, 72. 



Mulberry Calculus. See Calculus. 



Mulder. Discovered proteine, 36. His analysis 

 of fibrine of blood, 87. Of animal caseine, 88. 

 Of proteine, 88. Of fibrine, 94 Of gelatine, 

 94, Of chondrine, 95. 



Muscle. See Flesh. 



Muscular Fibre. Its transformation depends on 

 the amount of force expended in producing 

 motion, 66. 



N. 



Nerves. Are the conductors of the vital force, 

 and of mechanical effects, 66. Effects of the 

 disturbance of their conduting power, 68. They 

 are not the source of animal heat, 18. 



Nervous Life. Distinguished from vegetative, 20. 



Nervous Matter. Contains albumen, and fatty 

 matter of a peculiar kind, 21. Vegetables can- 

 not produce it, 23. The fat of yolk of egg 

 probably contributes to its formation, 37. The 

 phosphoric acid and phosphates, formed in the 

 metamorphosis of the tissues of the herbivora, 

 are retained to assist in the formation of nervous 

 matter, 31. The vegetable alkalies affect the 

 nervous system, 57. Composition of cerebric 

 acid. Theory of the action of the vegetable 

 alkalies, 58. 



Nitrogen. Essential to all organized structures, 

 21. Substances in the body which are destitute 

 of it not organized, 21. Abounds in nutritious 

 vegetables, 22, Nutritious forms in which it 

 occurs, 22 et seq. Occurs in all vegetable poi- 

 sons, 56 ; also in a few substances which are 

 neither nutritious nor poisonous, but have a 

 peculiar effect on the system, such as caffeine* 

 56 et seq. 



Nitrogenized. See Azotized. 



Non-Azotized. Constituents of food. See Starch. 



Nutrition. Depends on the blood, 21. On Albu- 

 men, fibrine, or caseine, 21 et seq. Elements 

 of nutrition, 35. Compounds of proteine alonb 

 are nutritious, 37. Occurs when the vital force 

 is more powerful than the opposing chemical 

 forces, 60. Theory of it, 63. Is almost unli- 

 mited in plants from the absence of nerves, 64. 

 Depends on the momentum of force in each 

 part, 68. Depends also on heat, 72. 

 O. 



Oats. Amount required to keep a horse in good 

 condition, 29. Analysis of, 89. 



Oil of Bitter Almonds. Its composition. How 

 related to benzoic acid, 81. 



Old Age. Characteristics of, 73 et seq. 



Oppermann. His analysis of wax, 92. 



Organs. The food of animals always consist of 

 parts of organs, 11. All organs in the body 

 contain nitrogen, 21. There must exist organs 

 for the production of nervous matter, 59 ; and 

 the vegetable alkalies may be viewed as food 

 for these organs, 59. 



Organized Tissues. All contain nitrogen, 21. 

 All such as are destined for effecting the change 

 of matter are full of small vessels, 67. Their 

 composition, 42. The gelatinous and cellular 

 tissues, and the uterus, not being destined for 

 that purpose, are differently constructed, 67. 

 Waste of organized tissues rapid in carnivora, 

 30. 



Origin. Of animal heat, 15, 18. Of fat, 31 el 

 seq. Of the nitrogen exhaled from the lungs, 

 39 et seq. Of gelatine, 42 et seq., 48. Of 

 uric acid and urea, 44 et seq. Of bile, 44, 47, 

 48 et seq. Of hippuric acid, 48, 101. Of the 

 chief secretions and excretions, 49. Of the 

 soda of the bile, 52 et seq. Of the nitrogen in 

 bile, 53. Of nervous matter, 57 et **q 



Ortigosa. His analysis of starch, 88 



