INDEX 



1(19 



Oxalic Acid. A product, along with urea, of the 

 partial oxidation of uric acid, occurring in 

 the form of mulberry calculus, 45. Its analysis, 

 99. 



Oxygen. Amount consumed by man daily, 14, 

 80. Amount consumed daily in oxidizing car- 

 bon by the horse and cow, 14. The absorption 

 of oxygen characterizes animal life, 11. The 

 action of oxygen is the cause of death in star- 

 vation and in chronic diseases, 17 18. The 

 amount of oxygen inspired varies with the tem- 

 perature, dry ness, and density of the air, 15. 

 Is carried by arterial blood to all parts of the 

 body, 54. Fat differs from sugar and starch 

 only in the amount of oxygen, 32. It also 

 contains less oxygen than albumen, fibrine, &c., 

 32. The formation of fat depends on a defi- 

 ciency of oxygen, 33 et seq. / and helps to sup- 

 ply this deficiency, 33. Oxygen essential to 

 digestion, 38. Relation of oxygen to some of 

 the tissues formed from proteine, 42. Oxygen 

 and water, added to blood or to flesh, yield the 

 elements of bile and of urine, 44. Action of 

 oxygen on uric acid, 44, 45 : on hippuric acid, 

 31,45; on blood, 45 ; on proteine, with uric 

 acid, 48 ; on proteine and starch, with water, 49 ; 

 on choleic acid, 49 ; on proteine, with water, 

 49. By depriving starch of oxygen and water, 

 choloidic acid may be formed, 51. Oxygen 

 is essential to the change of matter. 55. Its 

 action on the azotized constituents of plants 

 when separated, 64. Its action on the muscular 

 fibre essential to the production of force, 66, 67. 

 Oxygen is absorbed by hybernating animals, 71. 

 Is the cause of the waste of matter, 72 ; and 

 of animal heat, 72, 74. Blood-letting acts by 

 diminishing the amount of oxygen which acts 

 on the body, 75. Its absorption is the cause of 

 the change of colour from venous to arterial 

 blood, 77. The globules probably contain oxide 

 of iron, protoxide in venous blood, peroxide in 

 arterial, 78 et seq. All parts of the arterial 

 blood contain oxygen, 55, 77, 79. 

 P. 



Pears. Analysis of starch from unripe, 88. 



Peas. Form part of the diet of soldiers in Ger- 

 many, 83, 85. Abound in vegetable caseine, 

 22. Analysis of peas, 83 ; of starch from 

 peas, 88. 



Pepys and Allen. Their calculation of the 

 amount of inspired oxygen, 82. 



Peroxide of Iron. Probably exists in arterial 

 blood, 78 et seq. 



Pfluger. His analysis of the gas obtained by 

 puncture from the abdomen of cattle after ex- 

 cess in green food, 93. 



Phenomena of motion in the animal body, 60 

 et seq. 



Phosphates. See Bones. 



Phosphoric Acid. See Acid, Phosphorc. 



Phosphorus. Exists in albumen and hbrine, 21, 

 23,42. It is not known in what form, 41 et 

 seq. Is an essential constituent of nervous mat- 

 ter, 57, 59. 



Phosphuretted Hydrogen. Occurs among the pro- 

 ducts of the putrefaction of fishes, 59. 



Picrotoxine. Contains nitrogen, 56 (note.') Its 

 analysis, 100. 



Plants. Distinguished from animals by fixing 

 carbon and giving out oxygen, 11, 64; by the 

 want of nerves and of locomotive powers, 11. 



Their capacity of growth almost unlimited, 64, 

 Cause of death in plants, 64. 



Playfair, Dr. L. His formula for blood, 38. Hia 

 analysis of faeces, of peas, of lentils, of beans, 

 82 ; of flesh and of blood, 96 ; of roasted flesh, 

 100. 



Poisons, Vegetable. Always contain nitrogen, 

 55 et seq. Different kinds of poisons, 54. 

 Theory of the action of prussic acid and sul- 

 phuretted hydrogen, 80. 



Polymeric Bodies, 36. 



Potash. Essential to the production of caseine 01 

 milk, 52. 



Potatoes. Amount of carbon in, 83. They. form 

 part of the diet of soldiers in Germany, 83. 

 Analysis of, 83 ; of starch from, 83 ; of sola- 

 nine from the buds of germinating potatoes, 100. 



Prevost and Dumas. On the frequency of the 

 pulse and respirations, 86. 



Products. Of the metamorphosis of tissues found 

 in the bile and urine, 43. Of the action of 

 muriatic acid on bile, 44. Of the action of 

 potash on bile, 44. Of the action of water and 

 oxygen on blood or fibre, 44. Of the oxidation 

 of uric acid, 45. Of the oxidation of blood, 45 

 Of the action of water on proteine, 46. Of the 

 action of urea on lactic and benzoic acids, 48 

 Of oxygen and uric acid on proteine, 48. Of 

 oxygen on starch and hippuric acid, 48. Of 

 oxygen and water on proteine and starch, 49 

 Of oxygen and water on proteine when soda ia 

 absent, 49. Of the separation of oxygen from 

 starch, 50. Of the action of water on urea, 51. 

 Of the action of water and oxygen on caffeine 

 or theine, asparagine, and theobromine, 56. 



Proteine. Discovered by Mulder, 36. Its com- 

 position, 36. Produced alone by vegetables, 37. 

 Is the source of all the organic azotized consti- 

 tuents of the body, 37. Its formula, 41. Its 

 relation to fibrine, albumen, caseine, and all the 

 animal tissues, 42. Gelatine no longer yields 

 it, although formed from it, 43. Its relation to 

 bile and urine, 44. Its relation to allantoine 

 and choloidic acid, 46 ; to gelatine, 46 ; to hip- 

 puric acid, 48 ; to the chief secretions and ex- 

 cretions, 48, 49; to fat, 49 Analysis of pro- 

 teine from the crystalline lens, from albumen, 

 from fibrine, from hair, from horn, from vegeta- 

 ble albumen and fibrine, from cheese, 92. 



Prout. His analysis of starch, 88 ; of grape su- 

 gar from honey, 88 ; of sugar of milk, 88 ; of 

 cane sugar, 89 ; of urea, 90. His discovery of 

 free muriatic acid in the gastric juice, 38. On 

 the effect of fat food on the urine, 45. 



Prussic Acid. See Acid, Hydrocyanic. 



Pulmonary Diseases. Arise from excess of oxy. 

 gen, 16. Prevail in winter, 17. 



Pulse. Its frequency in different animals, 86. 



Putrefaction. Is a process of transformation, 37. 

 Membranes very liable to it, 38. Effects of the 

 putrefaction of green food in the stomach of 

 animals, 39. Is analogous to digestion, 40. 

 Putrefying animal matters cause the fermenta- 

 tion of sugar, 40. Is checked by empyreuma- 

 tics, 41, 54. 



.Q. 



Quinine. Contains nitrogen, 56. Its analysis, 

 100. 



R. 



Regnault. His analysis of morphia, 101. 



Reproduction of Tissues. See Nutrition. 

 R 



