BRITISH BIRDS. 49 



shoulders white ; crown and nape black ; mantle, wing- 

 coverts and rump pale ash-grey ; lesser and greater wing- 

 coverts tipped with white ; wing-quills brownish -black ; 

 secondaries margined externally with white : two outer 

 tail feathers on each side chiefly white, remainder blackish ; 

 chin, throat, and upper breast black ; lower breast and 

 belly white ; sides tinged with grey; bill and tarsi black. 

 Length yoo. Female : duller generally. After autumn 

 moult both sexes have throat white but show a black band 

 on breast. Immature birds have a slightly yellowish tint. 

 A scarce summer visitor, but has been recorded from nearly 

 every county in England, while in Middlesex in particular 

 it occurs regularly, and I believe breeds every year; has also 

 been reported to have bred in most of the southern and 

 eastern counties. A scarce visitor to Scotland. In Ireland 

 two examples have been obtained by Mr. R. Warren (1851 

 and 1893) and two or three others have been observed. 

 Nesting habits are similar to those of Pied Wagtail ; eggs 

 can only be safely distinguished by identifying the birds. 



60. Motaeilla lugubris, Temm. PIED WAGTAIL. 



Hab. N. W. Europe ; breeds in British Isles, N. W. 

 France, and sparingly north-eastward to Belgium, Holland, 

 and exceptionally S. Norway. Majority move southward 

 in winter. 



Male : forehead and sides of head pure white, this 

 extending also down sides of neck, although more 

 restricted here than in M. alba ; entire upper parts black ; 

 both wing-coverts tipped and margined with white ; inner 

 secondaries also margined with white on outer webs ; two 

 outer tail-feathers on each side chiefly white ; chin, throat, 

 and breast black ; centre of belly whitish ; sides black ; 

 bill and tarsi black. Length 7*40. Female : dusky grey 

 above with blackish streaks ; black on under parts more 



