to BRITISH BIRDS. 



base furnished with bristles. Wings moderate. Tail 

 moderately long ; rounded or graduated. Feet strong ; 

 claws curved. 



73. Lanius exeubitor, Linn. GREAT GREY SHRIKE. 



Hab. Central Europe, west to North France, north 

 and east to Scandinavia and St. Petersburg. Migrating 

 from north in winter. 



Male : sides of head black ; a white streak above eye ; 

 upper plumage very light ash-grey ; scapulars white ; 

 wings black, with white bases to both primaries and 

 secondaries, both also being slightly tipped with white 

 two centre tail-feathers black, others with broadening 

 white tips, outer feathers each side being entirely white ; 

 lower plumage white ; bill and tarsi brownish-black. 

 Length 9*20. Female has breast marked with faint 

 crescentic greyish bars. 



A regular winter visitor to eastern side of Great Britain, 

 but not common ; of very rare occurrence in Ireland. 



73a. L. exeubitor major (Pallas). PALLAS'S GREY 

 SHRIKE. 



Hab. Northern Palaearctic region, from North Scandi- 

 navia and Central Russia, eastward through Siberia. 

 Migrating southward in winter. 



This race is distinguished by having white bases to the 

 primaries only, bases of secondaries being black, and wing 

 thus showing only one white spot or baf ; it also seems to 

 be very slightly larger than L. exeubitor. Prof. Collett 

 has proved that in Scandinavia it inter-breeds with the 

 latter. In England it is of as frequent occurrence during 

 winter as the typical form, and two Irish-taken Grey 

 Shrikes in Dublin Museum both belong to this race. 



