78 BRITISH BIRDS. 



bill yellowish, darker at tip ; tarsi dark brown. Length 

 5*25. In winter upper parts are paler, mantle-feathers 

 having broad dull white margins, and red of breast has 

 disappeared. Female : slightly smaller, duller, and 

 without red on breast. 



A not uncommon winter visitor to Scotland and north 

 and east of England, rarer in west, while it has been 

 recorded twice from Ireland (Kildare 1876 ; Mayo 1893). 



94a. C. linaria holbcelli (Brehm). HOLBCELL'S 

 REDPOLL. 



Hab. North Europe from Scandinavia to E. Siberia. 



A rather larger race ; Dr. Sharpe says that the bill 

 measures '50 instead of "40 as in the typical form. Two 

 examples from Norfolk are in the Natural History 

 Museum. 



96. Cannabina rufeseens (Vieill,)- LESSER REDPOLL. 



Hab. Central Europe and British Islands. 



Male : upper parts darker than in A. linaria^ feathers 

 being dusky brown in centre, with warm buffish margins ; 

 rump is scarcely paler than mantle, but with a decided 

 carmine tinge ; wing-coverts tipped with warm buff 

 instead of white ; under parts slightly darker ; consider- 

 ably smaller, also, than A. linaria, length being only 

 about 4*25. In winter red of rump and breast is nearly 

 absent. Female : forehead red, but not breast or rump. 

 Young lack even the red of forehead. 



Common over British Isles in winter, but scarcer in 

 spring ; breeds in fair numbers from Norfolk and 

 Nottinghamshire to the north of Scotland, also sparingly 

 in Middlesex and other south-eastern and midland 

 counties, and in most counties of Ireland. Nest : in tall 

 hedges, saplings, or on small branches against a tree- 



