138 CALVIN P. STONE 



copulatory movements. Entrance to vagina not effected. 

 Mounting repeated several times, but no further copulatory 

 movement. Female non-receptive when third trial was begun. 



Tested at one hundred and seven days. Copulated at four 

 minutes, fifty-four seconds after female was placed in cage. Tried 

 to copulate with female at end of fifteen seconds after her en- 

 trance to the cage, mounting with her head between his legs. 

 Mounting and palpation frequent before the first copulatory 

 movements were made. Female very resistant, therefore no 

 record for thirty minutes was secured. Autopsy showed com- 

 plete destruction of bulbs and considerable necrosis in frontal 

 pole. 



The foregoing experiments on the removal of the olfactory 

 receptors show clearly that: (1) The sense of smell is not essential 

 to the appearance of the sexual act in the inexperienced male; (2) 

 That is has no direct connections with reflex mechanisms of the copu- 

 latory act, the abolition of which will entirely eliminate the act of 

 coition; (3) That its excitatory function in the inexperienced male 

 is doubtful, and, if really present under certain circumstances, is 

 not essential to the initiation of the act; (4) That in its absence the 

 appearance of the sexual act is neither retarded noticeably nor the 

 potency of the young male modified, providing the operations do 

 not result in complicating factors. 



It seems probable that under normal conditions these receptors 

 are used to some extent in differentiating the sexes, and in cer- 

 tain cases as distance receptors by which the location of the 

 female is determined. 



The erroneous nature of Steinach's view is clearly established 

 by the results obtained with anosmic animals in this study. 

 Likewise it has been shown that olfactory stimuli, although pos- 

 sible facilitators of the sexual instincts as von Bechtrew believes, 

 are unessential activators and no perceptible modification of 

 behavior follows their elimination. The conclusions with re- 

 spect to smell are essentially in accord with von Bechtrew's 

 statement as to the importance of the olfactory stimuli for the 

 arousal of the sexual instincts of the dog, except that it lends no 

 support to the view that smell has an excitatory function. With 



