WILD FLOWERS OF NEW YORK 293 



impossible to indicate the distinguishing characters without the use of 

 technical terms. 



Ray flowers more numerous than tlie disk flowers; heads cor\-mbose-paniculate (Flat- 

 topped Goldenrods) 



Leaves distinctly three-ribbed ; heads twenty to thirty-flowered 



Euthamia graminifolia 



Leaves one-ribbed ; involucre campanulate, one-sixth of an inch high or less 



Euthamia tenuifolia 

 Ray flowers not more numerous than the disk flowers ( True Goldenrods) 



Tips of the involucral bracts, or some of them spreading or recurved ; leaves smooth . . 



Soli dago squarrosa 

 Tips of the involucral bracts all erect and appressed 



Heads in axillary clusters or also in a tenninal spikelike sometimes branched 

 thyrsus 

 Heads one-sixth to one-fourth of an inch high, chiefly in axillary clusters; 

 achenes pubescent 



Stem and branches terete ; leaves lanceolate to oblong 



Solidago caesia 

 Stem and branches grooved or angled; leaves broadly oval, contracted 



into margined petioles Solidago flexicaulis 



Heads one-sixth to one-fourth of an inch high, chiefly in a terminal spikelike 

 thyrsus; achenes smooth or nearly so 



Rays white ; stem pubescent Solidago bicolor 



Rays yellow ; stem densely pubescent Solidago hispida 



Rays yellow; stem smooth or sparingly pubescent; leaves thick, dentate 



or the upper entire, not acuminate Solidago erecta 



Heads about one-half of an inch high; bracts elongated, pointed; leaves 



o\'ate Solidago macrophylla 



Heads in a terminal, simple or branched thyrsus, not at all or scarcely secund on 

 its branches ; plant glabrous 

 Low alpine species, 10 inches high or usually less; heads with thirty flowers 



or more Solidago cutleri 



Taller species, not arctic-alpine 



Bracts of the involucre linear-subulate, very acute; stem puberulent. . . 



Solidago puberula 



