WILD FLOWERS OF NEW YORK 311 



late, appressed, thin, usually pubescent or ciliate, overlapping in three or 

 four series, the outer ones shortest. Ray flowers ten to fifteen in number, 

 white, pistillate. Disk flowers perfect, the corolla with a slender tube, 

 abruptly expanded into a bell-shaped five-lobed limb; achenes obovoid; 

 pappus double, the outer series of numerous sliort Ijristles or scales, the 

 inner series of numerous hairlike bristles, some of whicli have thickened tips. 

 In moist soil, open woods, thickets and marshes, Newfoundland to 

 Saskatchewan, south to Georgia, Michigan and Iowa. Flowering from 

 July to October. 



Stiff or Savory-leaved Aster 

 loiuictis liiKiriifoliiis (Linnaeus) Greene 



Plate 24 2h 



Stems very leafy, tufted or often several from a perennial root, 

 puberulent or roughish, 6 to 24 inches high. Leaves linear or spatulate, 

 spreading, one-nerved, stiff, entire, rough and usually ciliolate on the margins, 

 three-fourths to I5 inches long, sessile, those of the branches much smaller. 

 Heads of flowers several, terminating the branchlets, each about i inch 

 broad. Bracts of the turbinate involucres linear-lanceolate, appressed, 

 green and keeled on the back, overlapping in four or five series, the inner 

 ones blunt, the outer ones usually pointed. Ray flowers ten to fifteen in 

 each head, violet or rarely white, one-third to one-half of an inch long; 

 pappus tawny, in two series, the inner with long hairlike bristles, the outer 

 much shorter. 



In dry or sandy, sometimes rocky, soil, Maine to Minnesota, south to 

 Florida and Texas. Flowering from July to October. 



White-topped Aster 



Sericocarpus (isteroides (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenberg 



Plati- 2,i3a 



Stems rather stiff", erect or ascending, pubescent or nearly smooth, 

 slightly angled, i to 2 feet high, from a perennial root. Leaves alternate, 

 thin, smoothish or somewhat pubescent, ciliate, faintly three-nerved and 



