LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIG. PAGE 



1. Duckmole {Ornithorhynchus} . . . 2 



2. Phenacodus, a primitive extinct Mammal after Cope . 3 



3. Extinct moa and modern kiwi after Carus Sterne . 3 



4. Crocodiles ,*..., .4 



5. Salamander, an Amphibian . . .5 



6. Queensland dipnoan ( Ceratodus} . . 5 



7. A lancelet, Amphioxus after Haeckel . <? 



8. Ascidian or sea-squirt after Haeckel . 7 



9. Cephalopod (paper nautilus, female) . . 9 



10. Fresh-water crayfish (Astacus], a Crustacean after Huxley . 9 



11. , Caterpillar; 3, pupa; c, butterfly . . 9 



12. Spider .... .10 



13. Crinoid or feather-star . .10 



14. Earthworm .... . II 



15. Bladderworm stage of a Cestode after Leuckart . 1 1 



16. Sea-anemones on back of hermit-crab after Andres . 12 



17. Fossil Foraminifera (Nummulites) in limestone after Zittel . 13 



1 8. Diagrammatic expression of classification in a genealogical 



tree. B indicates possible position of Balanoglossus, 



D of Dipnoi, S of Sphenodon or Hatteria . .15 



19. Diagram of Vertebrates . . . .18 



20. Diagram of Invertebrates . . . .19 

 2OA. Diagrams of reflex action modified from Bayliss . Facing 26 



21. Diagram of cell structure after Wilson . . 44 



22. Structure of the cell after Carnoy . 46 



23. Fertilised ovum of Ascaris after Boveri . . 47 



24. Diagram of cell division after Boveri . . 47 



25. Karyokinesis after Flemming . 49 



26. Diagrammatic expression of alternation of generations . 57 



27. Diagram of ovum, showing diffuse yolk granules . . 58 



28. Forms of spermatozoa (not drawn to scale) . . .60 



29. Diagram of maturation and fertilisation. (From " Evolution 



of Sex") .... . 61 



30. Fertilisation in Ascaris megalocephala after Boveri . . 64 



31. Modes of Segmentation . . . . .66 



32. Life history of a coral, Monoxenia darwinii from Haeckel . 68 



33. Embryos (i) of bird; (2) of man after His. The latter 



about twenty-seven days old . . . .7 



