336 



PHYLUM ARTHROPODA. 



arrangement, into the digestive region or chyle stomach, 

 which is separated by a pylorus from the coiled small 

 intestine. The inner wall of the small intestine bears 

 numerous rows of chitinous teeth set in longitudinal ridges, 

 and is perforated by the apertures of the excretory tubules. 

 At the junction of the small with the large intestine there 

 are six brownish plates, perhaps functioning as valves. 



In connection with the anterior 

 region of the gut there is a very 

 complicated series of glands. 

 First we have, in the workers 

 only, on either side of the head, 

 a long coiled gland which is 

 intracellular in type. It is largest 

 in the so-called "nurses" which 

 feed the young, and diminishes 

 in size later. According to Mr. 

 Cheshire, this gland secretes a 

 nitrogenous fluid which is fur- 

 nished to all the larvae in their 

 early stages, but is supplied to 

 the future queen during the 

 whole of the feeding period, and 

 also during the period of egg- 

 laying ; this secretion was form- 

 erly termed "royal jelly." In 

 addition to this pair of glands, 

 there are in the worker three 

 other gland systems. Of these, 

 the second and third pairs have 

 a common central outlet on the 

 mentum, and secrete the saliva, 

 which is plentifully mixed with 

 the nectar during suction. The 

 fourth pair is small, and the 

 ducts open just within the mand- 

 ible. The last three pairs of 

 glands are found also in drone 

 and queen. 



-m.t 



FIG. 180. Food canal of bee. In 

 part after Cheshire. 



fjr., Maxilla; a., antenna; ^., eye; s.g; 

 salivary glands ; oe., oesophagus ; h. s. t 

 honey-sac; s., stopper; c.s., chylific 

 stomach ; ;//./., Malpighian tubules ; s.z., 

 small intestine; /.*., large intestine; 

 st. t sting. 



The method of feeding in 

 the bee differs considerably 

 in the three types. In the 

 worker, the honey sucked 



up from flowers is mixed with saliva, passes down the gullet 

 into the crop, thence by the opening of the "stomach 



