6i8 



REPTIL1A. 



Chelonian, sometimes measuring 6 ft. in length. It is widely, but 

 now sparsely, distributed in intertropical seas, and is said to be herbi- 

 vorous. 



II. THECOPHORA. 

 Dorsal vertebrae and 

 ribs fused in the 

 carapace. Parietals 

 prolonged down- 

 wards. Including 

 the following and 

 other families : 



Chelonidse, marine 

 turtles, with fin-like feet, 

 and partially ossified 

 carapace. They occur in 

 intertropical seas, and 

 bury their soft-shelled 

 eggs on sandy shores, 

 The green turtle ( Chelone 

 viridis] is much esteemed 

 as food ; the hawk's-bill 

 turtle ( Caretta imbricata) 

 furnishes much of the 

 commercial tortoise-shell. 



Testudinidse, land tor- 

 toises, with convex per- 

 fectly ossified carapace. 



precoracoid ; C./coracoid ; EC., epicoracoid carti! an< J . feet adapted for 

 laee ; P., pubis ; /., ilium running dorsallv to walking. They are found 



in the warmer regions of 

 both the Old and the New 



FIG. 335. Internal view of tortoise skeleton. 



H., humerus; SC., scapula running dorsally; PC. t 

 precoracoid; C. f coracoid; C., epicoracoid carti- 

 lage ; P., pubis ; 7Z.., ilium running dorsally to 

 sacral vertebrae ; IS., ischium; DV., dorsal verte- 

 brae fused in carapace ; R., head of a rib ; CEV.^ 

 cervical vertebrae free ; CA K., caudal vertebrae free. 



World, but not in Australia. In 

 diet they are vegetarian. The 

 common tortoise (Testudo grcecd) 

 and the nearly exterminated giant 

 tortoises of the Mascarene and 

 Galapagos Islands are good repre- 

 sentatives. The latter may reach 

 the age of 150 years. 



Order RHYNCHOCEPHALIA 



The only living repre- 

 sentative of this " class" is 

 the New Zealand "Lizard" 

 or Tuatara Hatteria 

 (Sphenodon)punctata. Lizard- 



p.a. 



FIG. 336. Dissection of Chelonian 

 .heart. After Huxley. 



r.v., Right half of ventricle ; S., septum ; 

 l.v., left half of ventricle ; r.a., right 

 auricle; /.., left auricle; /.<?., left 



aortic arch ; r.ao., rig 

 /$.#., pulmonary arch. 



it aortic arch ; 



