ALIMENTARY SYSTEM. 711 



front of the eye ; the submaxillary lies between the angles 

 of the mandible ; the small sublinguals lie along the inner 

 side of each ramus of the mandible. 



The pharynx passes into the gullet, and that leads through 

 the diaphragm to the expanded stomach, which is dilated 

 at its upper or cardiac end, and narrows to the curved 

 pyloric end. Partly covering the stomach is the large liver. 

 The first portion of the intestine, which is called the 

 duodenum, receives the bile duct, and has the pancreas in 

 its folds. Then follows the much-coiled small intestine, 

 measuring many feet in length. It should be noted that, in 

 adaptation to the more slowly digestible food and the larger 

 amount of indigestible residue, 

 the intestine of herbivorous 

 mammals is relatively longer 

 than that of carnivorous types. 

 The lower end of the small 

 intestine is expanded into a 

 sacculus rotundus. Here the 

 large caecum a blind diverti- 

 culum is given off; it ends 

 in a finger-like vermiform ap- 

 Its proximal end is 

 continuous with the colon or . c .. . 



... . . s.t., Small intestine; s.r., sacculus 



first part of the large intestine, rotundus; <;<?/., saccuiated colon; 

 the beginning of which is much ^ pen c d ^ x c . um; v ' a " vermiform 

 saccuiated. The large intestine 



narrows into the long rectum, in which lie little faecal 

 pellets. On the last two inches of the rectum there are 

 paired yellowish glands. Beside the anus are two bare 

 patches of skin, with the openings of the ducts of the 

 perineal glands, whose secretion has a characteristic and 

 strong odour. 



The liver is attached to the diaphragm by a fold of peri- 

 toneum the glistening membrane which lines the abdomi- 

 nal cavity. In the liver there are five lobes. From these 

 lobes the bile is collected by hepatic ducts into a common 

 bile duct, which is also connected to the gall-bladder by the 

 cystic duct. 



The very diffuse pancreas lies in the mesentery of 

 the duodenal loop. Its secretion is gathered by several 



