through planting trees of the regular size. Eoot-grafts should 

 be planted deeply, leaving a single bud above the ground. The 

 situation may be still further improved by planting them in a 

 broad trench made with a plow. 



Clean cultivation for apple orchards is undoubtedly the best, 

 especially in a dry country. In very wet seasons a bushel of oats 

 to the acre may be sowed upon the land late in July and harrowed 

 in. These will help the trees to ripen their wood and will afford 

 a protection in winter. They will not greatly interfere with cul- 

 tivation the following spring. The apple blight must be guarded 

 against and when twigs or branches turn brown and die, usually in 

 June, they must be cut off and .burned. 



It is found best not to trim apple trees much in regions like 

 our own, but rather to let the head grow dense and compact to 

 protect the trunk and larger limbs. The line of sucessful apple 

 culture has moved toward the northwest so rapidly during the 

 past twenty-five years that North Dakota also has something 

 more than a reasonable hope for future success. 



CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES. 



These are already successfully grown more or less in most 

 sections of the state, yet there are thousands of homes where the 

 cultivation of even these valuable and easily grown fruits is not 

 attempted. The}' thrive best in deep moist soil. Given that and 

 clean cultivation, at the same time allowing about eight canes to 

 grow to the hill, cutting out the canes four years old and allowing 

 only enough new ones to grow each vear to take their place, and 

 any one can grow these fruits in abundance. 



Set the plants four by eight feet apart and see that the grass 

 does not get a foothold among the plants. They will stand a 

 richer soil than most fruits and stable manure forked into the 

 soil close to the plants will increase the yield. If too many canes 

 are allowed to grow in a hill, the fruit is small though the seeds 

 are all sure to be there. 



The London Market is the best currant we have tried. The 

 North Star, Red Dutch, Victoria, White Grape, Long Bunch, 

 Holland, Pomona and Eed Cross are all standard sorts. The Down- 

 ing Champion and Houghton are the leading gooseberries. 



RASPBERRIES. 



Our sucess with raspberries has not been encouraging though 

 some have met with considerable success. With a better drained 



