Hot winds are most trying to celery and most other 

 garden vegetables just after transplanting. 



The injury to garden crops from hot and drying winds 

 makes a shelter belt almost a necessity if one is to get satisfac- 

 tory results either from the standpoint of quantity or quality. 

 Both the trees and the fruit of plums and apples are liable to 

 considerable injury from strong winds, and most growers do 

 not consider it practical to plant without some protection. 



A badly arranged system of planting may be a positive 

 detriment, because of the accumulation of snow drifts about 

 the buildings and in the orchards. On the other hand, trees 

 may be so arranged as to prevent the piling of snow about 

 the buildings and to provide for approximately the right 

 amount of snow among the small fruits and in the orchards. 



The winds most injurious to vegetation are from the 

 south or southwest, and for this reason orchards and gardens 

 should have trees planted along the south and west. It is 

 also an advantage to have the buildings protected from this 

 quarter, but they need protection likewise from the severe 

 ngrth winds. The planting at the north should be far enough 

 away from the buildings so that the snow will not pile up 

 about them. A very good arrangement at the north is a 

 double belt of trees with a space of from four to six rods be- 

 tween. The intervening strip may be planted to small fruits, 

 but never to orchard trees. 



The advantage or even the practical necessity of shelter 

 belts about orchards and fruit plantations is unquestioned, 

 and in prairie states one rarely finds even an attempt at fruit 

 growing where there are no trees. 



1*0 what extent substantial belts of trees planted east 

 and west at intervals of eighty rods would affect the yield 

 of grain can be determined only by a great number of ex- 

 periments. We have all seen instances in dry seasons when 

 the effect of trees was very marked. Observations made in 

 Nebraska by Prof. Fred W. Card* were to the effect that the 

 rate of evaporation a few rods north of a windbreak was from 

 one-third to one-half as great as from a point beyond the in- 

 fluence of the windbreak, while the growth of millet was 

 considerably greater on a strip within sixteen rods of the 

 windbreak, excepting the two rods nearest the trees. 



* Bulletin No. 48, University of Nebraska. 



