is one of the few deciduous trees which succeeds well in a pure 

 plantation, that is without the mixture of other varieties. 

 For general purposes it should be planted about four feet 

 apart each way. It is always started from cuttings. If the 

 ground is in good condition these may be planted at once in 

 place or they may be planted in the garden for a year while 

 the ground is being put into shape. 



The one other most valuable tree for general planting in 

 North Dakota is the ash. It is of a very different type than 

 the white willow in that its wood is more valuable and does 

 not mature at so early a period. As a permanent grove we 

 have no tree at the present time to equal it. When neglected it 

 is rather slow in growth, but with good care in the eastern part 

 of the state its growth is rather rapid, being one and one-half to 

 two feet per year. Ash trees grown from seed at the Experi- 

 ment Station are now thirty-five feet in height, though only 

 seventeen years old. The ash tree makes but poor shade while 

 young, and for this reason the box-elder is often planted alter- 

 nately with the ash. The rows in this case are eight feet apart, 

 the trees in the row being two feet apart with the ash and box- 

 elder alternating. The box-elders are removed at the end 

 of about four years, leaving the ash four by eight feet apart. 

 Later on these will require additional thinning. 



We have about discarded the elm for all purposes except 

 street planting. It is difficult to start in a grove and is 

 inferior for all purposes to the ash. If grown in a nursery 

 until it attains a height of ten to twelve feet it then makes 

 our one best shade tree. 



The soft maple is a valuable tree in some places but it is 

 not so generally reliable as the white willow. We find it an 

 excellent tree for windbreaks in the southeastern part of the 

 state but do not recommend its general cultivation outside of 

 that. 



There are a number of other trees that one can plant 

 to a greater or less extent, but these should not be depended 

 on for general planting. Among these are the Hackberry, 

 Butternut and Walnut. The first is much like the elm but 

 somewhat more valuable for general planting. It does not 

 make so good a shade tree. The Black walnut seems to be 

 doing well among the other trees. We gathered several bushels 



