the earth dropping off the roots in transplanting. This is 

 because of the few side or fibrous roots and the long tap root. 



Black Hills Pine. 



Black Hills Pine. (Pinus ponderosa scopulorum , Eng- 

 elm.). This western pine has many names, such as Rock 

 pine, Bull pine, Heavy-wooded pine, Western-yellow pine. 

 For Dakota the name, Black Hills pine, will be preferred 

 as it is the one species found native in this state. The 

 word ponderosa means heavy, referring to the heavy wood; 

 and scopulorum, in the rocks or cliffs. The species Pinus 

 ponderosa is the largest and best of the far western pines, 

 attaining a height of 300 feet and a diameter of 15 feet. 

 Found native from British Columbia and Montana, south 

 to California and northern Mexico. It extends into 

 the Black Hills of South Dakota, and as found there and in 

 the adjacent mountain region of Montana is the variety 

 called scopulorum. This is the best of all pines for our ex- 

 posed prairies. It is a handsome ornamental tree; dark green 

 leaves, three to six inches long, generally three in a sheath. 

 Planters have experienced some difficulty with it in trans- 

 planting but its peculiarities are now better known. It must 

 be transplanted every year while in the nursery owing to its 

 remarkable root system. A long tap-root is formed from the 

 beginning, with comparatively few side-roots. Hence in 

 digging a tree that has stood several years without trans- 

 planting, the most of the roots are lost as they have gone 

 deep down to water. This explains its remarkable power to 

 resist drought. If transplanted at one year of age in the 

 nursery, instead of waiting until two, it forms more fibrous 

 roots than when left undisturbed. Nurserymen find that no 

 shading is necessary in raising this conifer from seed. 



Prof. Thomas A. Williams wrote in May, 1895 :* "This is 

 the only pine found in the state. It reaches a fair size and 

 is a valuable timber tree. The leaves grow in clusters of 

 two or three and are from three to five inches in length. The 



^Bulletin No. 43, Exp. Sta., S. D. 



