130 SOUTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 



in spring, either in nursery rows, or where the plants are to 

 stand. 



THE WALNUTS {fitglans uigra andy. cinerea). No mixed 

 grove would be complete without the black or white walnut. 

 The black walnut can be grown as far north as the central part 

 of the state, and the white walnut or butternut will range some- 

 what further north. Both species the black walnut particularly 

 do best on the deep soil of low lands along the streams, but 

 ''fluey can be successfully grown on ridges where there is good 

 depth of soil. The walnuts are greatly benefitted by planting 

 among more rapid growing trees, which compel them to reach up 

 for light, and thus grow straight and tall. Where planted alone 

 they form many lateral branches and are scrubby, but where 

 ''nursed" during infancy they follow the form assumed in the 

 .native woods. 



The timber is of the highest value. The black walnut has 

 been so thoroughly cut in the forests of the country that it is ex- 

 tremely scarce and is every year becoming higher priced. It can 

 not be expected to thrive in this state as it does farther east and 

 south, but it is one of the trees that should be planted for 

 posterity. 



THE OAKS. (Quercus macrocarpd) Burr Oak, and (Q. nigra) 

 Black Oak. 



South Dakota is fortunate in having in its native groves one 

 of the most valuable species of the entire oak famiiy the burr 

 oak. It is very durable when .in contact with the soil, and can 

 be substituted with advantage for the more commonly used 

 white oak in all cases. 



Another species is native in this country, belonging to the 

 group of which jack or black oak may be taken as the type. 

 This is much inferior to burr oak, though a more rapid grower 

 while young. The oaks are cultivated in the same manner as the 

 walnuts. They are of very slow growth while young,*and there- 

 fore not suitable for planting alone. Planted among other trees, 

 while making top very slowly, their root system is strengthening 

 and in time they grow much faster above ground. 



It is best, both with oaks and walnuts, to place them at wide 



