Mar. 1910.] Conditions in Central and Western Kansas. 311 



procuring the seedlings, and setting them in nursery rows, the 

 trees being a foot or more apart in the row. The row should 

 be partially shaded until they are well started at least, and in 

 very trying seasons it is well to continue the shade through- 

 out the summer and early fall. The nursery row must be well 

 cultivated and the soil kept in good condition. After a year 

 or two in the nursery row the trees may be moved to the loca- 

 tion desired with little danger of loss. The best plan is to 

 take quite a ball of the earth with the tree, and carefully set 

 earth and tree in a hole previously dug. 



The best results have followed the setting of young trees 

 moved in winter with the earth frozen about the roots. With 

 trees 18 to 24 inches high a good method is to plow a deep fur- 

 row each side of the row and then cut down between the 

 trees with a spade. A mulch of wet straw or hay is applied 

 to prevent the soil becoming dry, and when frozen the chunks 

 of soil may be pried out with a bar and the tree taken to holes 

 dug in the fall before the ground is frozen. Some soil is stored 

 in cellar or barn, or a pile of it covered with hay, to use in 

 filling in about the frozen ball. The Experiment Station has 

 shipped trees thus handled to Fort Hays Branch Experiment 

 Station, and a very high degree of success has always followed 

 the use of this method. 



DEMONSTRATION PLANTINGS. 



Demonstration plantings were inaugurated at both of the 

 Forestry Stations. The most extensive ones were made from 

 1889 to 1892. These were set in rows eight feet apart and 

 cultivated for some years. Observations made in 1909 as to 

 the success and growth of the species planted note that for a 

 good many years no cultivation has been given plantations at 

 Ogallah. At Dodge the same condition prevailed for some 

 years prior to 1908, when the sod was broken up and has since 

 been worked into very fair condition in preparation for some 

 extensive work in underplanting. 



It is apparent that cultivation was discontinued before the 

 trees were sufficiently large or numerous to shade the soil, and 

 the grass has made quite a thick sod. In one or two places fire 

 has evidently done some damage, but in spite of all the hard- 

 ships and neglect some of the species have made a very fair 



