PINES. 133 



Cones solitary, 4 to (i inches long, slender, cylindrical, termi- 

 nal, pendulous, falling 1 after shedding their seeds; scales thin 

 and pointless, seeds nearly i inch long with 8 to 10 cotyledons. 

 A magnificent tree and the tallest one of the eastern states. 

 In good locations in this state it sometimes attains a height 

 of over 100 feet and a diameter of 4 feet. One acre was scaled 

 near Carlton, Minn, which yielded over 94,000 feet board 

 measure of sound timber. The White Pine is generally found 

 in this section on rather clayey land. On poor land the Nor- 

 way and Jack Pine generally crowd it out. 



Distribution. Canada and the northeastern states and 

 southward along the Alleghanies to Georgia, the Valley of 

 the St. Lawrence and around the Great Lakes. In Minnesota 

 it is common through the northern half of the state, excepting 

 west of Red Lake, and south to the northern edge of Chisago 

 County. It is found occasionally south of this limit as at St. 

 Cloud, Taylors Falls, Cannon River, Mantorville, Rochester, 

 St. Charles and at various points in Houston and Pillmore 

 Counties. In the western and southwestern portions of the 

 state it is not found. 



Propagation. By seeds as recommended for evergreens. 

 The young seedlinsrs will not bear as much sun light as the Nor- 

 way. Jack or the Bull Pine and will bear considerable shade. 



Properties of wood. Very soft, lie-nt, weak, compact, 

 straight grained, very resinous, easily worked, of a delicate 

 pinkish brown color with lighter colored sapwood. One of its 

 points of considerable value is the small degree to which it 

 shrinks and swells owing to change in the atmosphere. Not 

 durable in contact with the soil, although the heartwood 

 stands fairly well. Specific gravity, 0.3854; weight of a cubic 

 foot, 24.02 pounds. 



Uses. The White Pine is one of the fastest growing and 

 perhaps the most graceful of evergreens for ornamental plant- 

 ing. It grows rapidly when in retentive soil of a loose open 

 texture, but is liable to kill out in wet, compact or very sandy 

 soils. It should not be planted in very exposed situations, 

 but should follow the planting of the more hardy deciduous 

 trees in such places; it is liable to be killed by drying winds 

 in the early spring on our western prairies. It is not as hardy 



