PINES. 139 



lings are very hardy and grow without shade. It is one of 

 the first evergreens to start on the abandoned dry pine land 

 of this state. 



Properties of wood. Light, soft, not strong, resinous: 

 light yellowish brown in color with thick whitish sapwood. 

 Specific gravity 0.4761; weight of a cubic foot 29.67 pounds. 



Uses. The Jack Pine is not a pretty tree and is seldom 

 used in ornamental planting. It is, however, the hardiest 

 native evergreen tree we have and is especially adapted to 

 dry, loose soil, where it has a wondrous power of withstand- 

 ing drouth. It is of rapid growth when young, which together 

 with its great hardiness, has led to its being planted on some 

 of the sandiest dry lands of the West. In the timbered por- 

 tion of Minnesota it often acts as a nurse tree for the Norway 

 Pine which, however, soon outgrows it. The larger trees are 

 generally sawed into lumber and pass as Norway Pine, but 

 they seldom attain a size large enough to be profitably used 

 for this purpose, and much of it is used only as fuel. 



Pinus ponderosa scopuloruxn. Bull Pine. Rock 

 Pine. Heavy-wooded Pine. Western Yellow Pine. 



Leaves 3 to 6 inches long, rigid, generally in threes, but 

 occasionally in twos, falling during third and fourth seasons. 

 Cones 2 to 3 inches long, grayish, with stout prickles. Tree 

 80 to 1UO feet high. The species Pinus ponderosa of which this 

 is an important variety is the most magnificent and widely 

 spread of western pines, attaining a height of 200 to 300 feet 

 and a thickness of 12 to 15 feet and having much larger cones 

 and larger needles than this variety. 



Distribution. The Bull Pine is found throughout the 

 Rocky Mountain region. It inhabits even the dry sand hills 

 of western Nebraska and Montana and is perhaps the hardiest 

 western pine. 



Propagation. By seeds which are large, easily obtained 

 and grow with the greatest certainty if given ordinary treat- 

 ment. 



Properties of wood. The wood varies greatly in quality 

 and value. It is heavy, hard, strong, brittle and compact, 

 neither coarse grained nor durable; color, light red with very 



