PINES. 141 



thick light colored sapwood. Specific gravity 0.4619; weight 

 of a cubic foot 28.78 pounds. 



Uses. The Bull Pine has the power of withstanding great 

 extremes of drouth and temperature . and promises to be of 

 great value for planting on our western plains. It is of rapid 

 growth and while it has a somewhat coarse appearance its 

 sturdy form is far from being unsightly. It is perhaps rather 

 more difficult to transplant than the Scotch Pine, probably on 

 account of its deep tap root when young. The wood is largely 

 manufactured into lumber and used for railway ties, fuel, etc. 



Pinus sylvestris. Scotch Pine. Scotch Fir. Deal 

 Wood. 



Leaves 2 in a sheath, li to 2 inches long and of a 

 glaucous hue, falling during third season; sheaths small, 

 persistent, nearly black. Cones about two inches long, taper- 

 ing towards the apex, solitary or in clusters of two or three: 

 scales of cones tipped with a deciduous point. Trees rather 

 inclined to grow crooked and to not keep a straight shaft as 

 in the case of the Norway and Austrian Pines. In this region 

 where it is cultivated, it seldom grows over ten inches in 

 diameter and forms round topped trees spreading 25 to 30 

 feet. There are several cultivated varieties the most of which 

 are of little value. 



Distribution. It is the common timber pine of northern 

 Europe and Asia. 



Propagation. Easily grown from seeds if properly man- 

 aged, but requires shade when very small. Most of the seeds 

 of this pine that are commonly sold are gathered in Europe 

 from a dwarf scrubby form that is found on dry poor land. 

 There are probably very few seeds sold from the large timber 

 trees, as they are most cheaply gathered from the dwarf form. 

 This may be a reason why the tree is generally so dwarf with 

 us, although it varies much in size when grown in different 

 soils. 



Properties of wood. Yellowish white, soft, light, close 

 grained and easily worked. Specific gravity, air dried, 0.52. 



Uses. The Scotch Pine is one of the hardiest of ever- 

 greens, of very rapid close growth when young, but often 

 rather open in habit when old. It generally reaches its 



