164 TREES OF MINNESOTA. 



of a bright green color. It stands well in this section when 

 growing- on good .retentive land, but suffers from a deficiency 

 of moisture in the soil and occasionally from severe winds in 

 winter, and on this account does best in somewhat sheltered 

 locations The wood is largely used for telegraph poles, 

 fence posts, shingles, paving blocks and for the siding of 

 light weight boats, etc. The thick layers of the sapwood 

 which are easily separated are manufactured by the Canadian 

 Indians into baskets and are used to strengthen birch bark 

 canoes. The fresh branches often serve the purpose of 

 brooms. A decoction or tincture of the young branches of 

 this tree is used for intermitlent fevers, coughs, scurvy, rheu- 

 matism, etc., and externally to remove warts. It is also used 

 in homeopathic practice. 



Varieties. 



Thuja occidentalis wareana. ( T. silirica. ) Siberian 



Arborvitae. 



This is of a dark rich green color and compact habit. It 

 is one of the best kinds for favorable locations, but not so 

 hardy as the species or variety next described. 



Thuja occidentalis fastigiata. ( T. o. pymmidalis. ) 



Pyramidal Arborvitae. 



Branches and leaves very distinct, fine and handsome. 

 Form upright, regular, pyramidal or almost columnar. Val- 

 uable for variety, probably as hardy as the species and 

 hardier than most of the varieties. 



Thuja occidentalis aurea. Douglas Golden Arbor- 

 vitae. 



In habit like the species but with a bright yellow color to 

 the leaves; conspicuous and pretty; rather more tender than 

 the species and occasionally sunscalcls severely. 



Genus JUNIPEBUS. 



A large genus of evergreen, trees and shrubs. Flowers 

 naked, dioecious, axillary or terminal. Fruit a fleshy cone, in 

 some species resembling a berry or drupe more than a true cone. 



