BLACK WALNUT. 169 



forms the shell of the nut and the fleshy outer part, the husk. 

 Seed 4-lobed, filled with fleshy oily embryo and large crum- 

 pled or corrugated cotyledons. 



Genus JTJGLANS. 



Leaves odd-pinnate with numerous serrate leaflets; peti- 

 oles long, grooved on the upper side, gradually enlarged 

 towards the base. In falling, the leaves expose large, con- 

 spicuous, elevated, obcordate, 5-lobed scars. Flowers 

 monoecious, opening in late spring after the leaves; the 

 staminate in catkins, solitary or in pairs from the wood of the 

 preceding year, each with 8 to 40 stamens on very short fila- 

 ments and a 3 to 6-lobed calyx; the pistillate solitary or 

 several in a cluster on a branch of the season; calyx 4 toothed, 

 bearing in its sinuses 4 small petals; stigmas 2, somewhat 

 club shaped and fringed. Fruit large, drupaceous, marked 

 at the apex with the remnant of the style and covered with a 

 fibrous, spongy, somewhat fleshy, indehiscent epicarp ( shuck ) 

 and a rough, irregularly furrowed endocarp (shell); embryo 

 edible. Trees with sweeb, watery juice, furrowed, scaly, res- 

 inous, aromatic bark and pith that separates into thin 

 transverse layers. To this genus belong our native Black 

 Walnut, and Butternut and the English Walnut (J. regia) of 

 commerce, which has been long in cultivation and is prob- 

 ably a native of Asia Minor. The Japanese use in large 

 quantities a walnut belonging to this genus. The species here 

 described have long tap roots and but few lateral roots. For 

 this reason they do not transplant easily except when very 

 young or unless the tap roots are cut when the seedlings are 

 small. In the latter case lateral, roots are produced which 

 may be saved in transplanting. It is desirable to plant the 

 nuts where the trees are to remain. 



Juglans nigra. Black Walnut. 



Leaves 12 to 24 inches long, leaflets in 7 to 11 pairs, ovate- 

 lanceolate, lower surface and petioles minutely glandular 

 pubescent, aromatic when bruised. Fruit odoriferous, spongy, 

 usually globose but occasionally oval, solitary or in pairs 

 1| to 2 inches in diameter, with a rough dotted surface not as 

 deeply furrowed as the Butternut. A large tree sometimes 



