JUNEBERRIES. 243 



In localities westward to the Mackenzie River, North Dakota, 

 Minnesota and Missouri. A dwarf form of this with large 

 fruit is cultivated to some extent through the northern states. 

 The Indians of Minnesota and Dakota gather the berries in 

 rather large quantities and sell small quantities in some of 

 the remote towns. 



Axnelanchier alnifolia. Service-berry. 



Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse or rarely acute, coarsely 

 dentate or serrate towards the apex. Flowers, in erect rather 

 dense racemes. Fruit, dark blue or almost black, sweet and 

 juicy. A shrub or small tree which in the eastern limits of its 

 range is hardly distinguishable from some of the broad leaved 

 forms of Amelanchier canadensis. 



Distribution. From the valley of the Yukon River south 

 through the coast ranges to southern California and east to 

 Michigan and Nebraska. 



Propagation. By Seeds and suckers. 



Properties of wood. Very heavy, hard and close grained, 

 light brown. Specific gravity 0.8262; weight of a cubic foot 

 51.55 pounds. 



Uses. The fruit as found in the wild state is gathered by 

 the Indians and used by them for food. 



Genus CRATAEGTJS. 



Leaves alternate, simple, lobed or pinnatifid. Flowers 

 mostly in terminal corymbs, regular, perfect, white or rarely 

 rose colored. Fruit a fleshy, drupe-like pome containing 1 to 

 5 hard one-seeded carpels and having on its summit the per- 

 sistent calyx lobes. Small trees or shrubs armed with thorns. 

 It is very difficult to identify accurately the species of this 

 genus on account of their varying and conflicting charac- 

 teristics. 



Propagation. The fruit should be stratified over winter 

 before sowing the seeds, which seldom germinate until the 

 .second year. 



Crataeg-us tomentosa. Black Thorn. Black Haw. 

 Leaves ovate, to ovate-oblong, sharply cut or toothed, 

 contracted into margined petioles, pubescent on the lower sur- 



