WILD THORNS. 245 



localities. In Minnesota common or frequent throughout the 

 state in thickets and along wooded, banks of streams. 



Propagation. Described under genus. 



Properties of wood. Very heavy, hard and close grained; 

 reddish brown with thick, lighter colored sapwood. Specific 

 gravity 0.7585: weight of a cubic foot 47.57 pounds. 



Uses. The Black Thorn is exceedingly hardy, is used as 

 an ornamental tree or shrub and is much admired for its 

 clean, pretty habit, its brilliant foliage in autumn and its 

 bright fruit which remains on the branches all winter. 



Crataegns crus-g-alli. Cockspur Thorn. 



Leaves wedge-obovate or oblanceolate, serrate, firm, deep 

 green, glossy above, dull beneath; petiole short. Flowers 

 appear in June. Thorns very long and sharp. Fruit bright 

 red, globose or rarely pear-shaped. A small tree 20 or more 

 feet high. 



Distribution. From the St. Lawrence river southward to 

 Florida and west to Missouri and Texas. In Minnesota rare 

 or doubtful. 



Properties of wood. About the same as C. tomentosa. 



Uses. The Cockspur Thorn is valuable for hedges since 

 it bears close pruning well, is very hardy and has large 

 thorns. It is a most beautiful and ornamental tree having a 

 good habit, good healthy foliage, brilliant autumn color to 

 its foliage, and persistent red fruit. 



Crataegus coccinea. White Thorn. Scarlet Haw. 



Leaves thin, roundish ovate, sharply cut-toothed or lobed 

 on slender petioles. Flowers appear when the leaves are 

 nearly grown. Fruit ripens in September or October and 

 generally hangs on the branches until after the leaves have 

 fallen; glabrous, slightly elongated, bright scarlet, i to | 

 inch in diameter, hardly edible. A bushy branched tree 

 rarely 20 feet in height, sometimes with a short trunk and 

 short spreading branches which form a narrow head but more 

 often a shrub. 



Distribution. From Newfoundland westward to Manitoba 

 and Nebraska, and southward to northern Florida and 

 eastern Texas. In Minnesota frequent and occasionally com- 



