294 GLOSSARY. 



Bract. A much-reduced leaf. 



Budding. The operation and process of inserting a bud with the in- 

 tention that it shall grow. 



Bud-division. A term including all methods of propagation except 

 by seed. (e. g. Grafting-, Layering, etc.) 



Bud-variety. A strange variety or form appearing without obvious- 

 cause upon a plant or in cuttings or layers; a sport. A bud- 

 variety springs from a bud in distinction from a seed-variety,, 

 which springs from a seed. 



Callus. The new and protruding tissue which forms over a wound as 

 over the end of a cutting. 



Calyx. Outer circle of perianth, generally inconspicuous. 



Cambium. In trees and shrubs, the layer of new growing tissue be- 

 tween the bark and wood. 



Carbon dioxide. A gas composed of one part of carbon to two* 

 parts of oxygen; carbonic acid gas. 



Carpel. A simple pistil or one of the divisions of a compound pistil. 



Catkin. A scaly spike-like dense flower cluster. (e. g. Willow r 

 Birch.) 



Cell. The anatomical unit of living tissues. 



Chlorophyll. The green coloring matter of plants; leaf-green. 



Ciliate. Hairy on the margin. 



Cleft leaf. Cut into lobes somewhat more than half the depth of 

 wings, (e. g. Soft Maple.) 



Compound leaf. One in which the blade or wings are composed of 



more than one part. (e. g. Ohio Buckeye, Mountain Ash.) 

 Cone. The flower or fruit of a conifer. 



Conifer. A member of the Pine Family or Coniferae. 



Coniferous. Cone-bearing. 

 Cordate. Heart-shaped. 



Corolla. Inner series of the perianth; generally distinguished from 

 the calyx by being of % color other than green. 



Corymb. A flat-topped flower cluster, in which the outer flowers- 

 open first, (e. g. Mountain Ash.) 



Cotyledon. One of the leaves of the embryo; a seed leaf. 



Crowded. Said of trees when so closely grown that the development 

 of their lateral branches is interfered with. (Fig. 11.) 



Crown of tree. See tree-crown. 



Cuttage. The practice or process of multiplying plants by means of 

 cuttings. 



Cuttings. A piece of a leaf, branch, stem or root which when in- 

 serted in moist material is capable of sending out roots and 

 forming a new plant; a slip. (Page 93.) 

 Cycle. One of the circles of a flower. 



