38 



Figs. 7, 8, 0. Tue Vertebral Column or Backbone = 9 bony segments or vertebrse and a bony 

 prolongation or urostyle (Gr. otira, a tail) — 

 C Body or centrum. 

 Vertebra . . . . s C Neural spine or spinous process. 



V Neural arcli -; Transverse processes. 



(_ Zygapo'pbyses (Gr. zuffos, an articulation). 

 Atlas or 1st vertebra with wbicb tbe two occipital condj'les of the skull articulate. 

 Sacrum or 9th vertebra with which the pelvic girdle articulates. 



/" Thickened anterior end with two concavities into which the two con- 



\ vesities of the sacrum fit (fig. 9, a). 



Urostyle or Coccyx < g^j^^^jg mvYe, the nerve of the leg, passing out from neural canal by a 



V small opening (red). 



Fig. 10. Pelvic Arch, side view — 



'Acetab'ulum, the socket into which the head of the thigh-bone or 



femur fits. 

 Hium or haunch-bone articulating with sacrum. 

 Ischium, a posterior rounded bone. 

 Pubis, a ventral wedge between ilium and ischium. 

 ^Triradiate junction of the three bones in the acetabulum. 



Pelvic Aecu or Hip- 

 Girdle . . . . 



Fig. 11. Hyoid — 



Body. 



/■ Anterior attached to skull (see fig. 2). 



Processes oe Coentja ) Lateral. 



(L. horns) . . . j Posterior. 



V. Thyro-hyals, sometimes called posterior comua. 



Fig. 1 2. Sternum and Shouldee-Giedle — 



„ T, f Anterior piece — Omo-stemum (Gr. omos, the shoulder). 



Steenum or Breast- ),,,..„. ' 



_ -; Median piece — Sternum proper. 



V Posterior piece — Xiplii-sternum (Gr. xiphos, a sword). 



/ Glenoidal cavity, the socket into which the head of the humerus fits. 



Pectoral Aech or J Dorsal portion — Scapula or shoulder-blade, and Supra-scapula. 



Shoulder-Giedle i ,^ , , , . f Coracoids. 



f Ventral portions i /-.i • , n i. 



V ^ t Clavicle or collar-bone. 



Fig. 1 3. Eight Foee-Limb, dorsal surface — 



Humerus. 



Radius and ulna united. 



Carpals or wrist-bones. 



Five digits consisting of metacarpals and phalanges (first digit rudimeutary=Pollex, L. thumb). 

 Fig. 14. Left Hind-Limb, dorsal surface- 

 Femur or thigh-bone. 



Tibia and fibula united. 



Tarsals with elongated astragalus and calcaneum. 



Five digits consisting of metatarsals and phalanges. 



Calcar (L. a spur), a horny projection at base of first digit or hallux (L. haUcx, the big too). 

 Diagram. The corresponding Bones in the Fore and Hind Limbs with their respective Arches — 



The axis (an imaginary line passing through the middle of the limb to the end of the third digit) 

 divides the limb into a preaxial and a postaxial portion. 



Carpus or tarsus consists of two rows of bones with a centrale between, and the following are 

 thus named in human anatomy : — 



Eadiale = Scaphoid. Tibialc I _ a t ' 1 



Intermedium = Lunar. Intermedium ) ~ S' • 



Ulnare =Cu'neifonn. Fibulare =Calca'neum. 



Centrale, not represented. Centralo =Navicula're. 



