248 GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND WORKING PLANS 



results obtained by the reproduction cuttings, selection, preparatory in coppice, im- 

 provement. 



Part III. — Revisions. — Chapter 1. — General considerations. Modifications to 

 make in the general fundamentals of management, to the division in sections and work- 

 ing groups, to the rotation, etc. Table (A) of new sections and working groups. 



Chapter 2. — Special studies in each new working group. 



High Forest Section. — (1) Composition of the working group compared with the 

 former working plan. (2) Compartments. (3) General scheme of felling, normal and 

 provisionary. (4) Special scheme of feUing. (5) Determination of the yield. (6) 

 Location of fellings for the period. (7) Allotment of the yield; cultural rules. 



Coppice Section. — (1) Composition of the working groups compared with the former 

 working plan. (2) Description of stands. (3) Determination of the exploitable age 

 for coppice; fixing the rotation; division of the rotation into periods; selection coppice. 



(4) General scheme of felling; quarter in reserve; yield. (5) Special scheme of felling 

 with table (H). (6) Standards. (7) Improvement cuttings; cleanings; freeing of 

 seedlings. 



Part IV. — Betterments. — Betterments prescribed by the working plan. Better- 

 ments accomplished (remarks on the methods employed, results obtained). Better- 

 ments remaining to be done. Estimate of the expense. 



Part V. — Comparative review by working groups of the annual products, principal 

 and secondary, in material and money realized before and after the revision. 



Federal Forests (Digest). — Complete data replanting, etc. (1) Species seeded, 

 amount per hectare, methods. (2) Species planted, kind and number per hectare, 

 methods. (3) Results. (4) Care and expense of upkeep, weeding and replacements. 



(5) Total cost. (6) Necessary data to get better results in future. 



Sample Plots in all Federal forests when natural seeding with thinnings close one- 

 half hectare area in young stand, chosen by chief ranger, checked by inspector, marked 

 and boundary stones laid, take inventory after each cutting to determine exploitability 

 and revenue. 



Communal. — One-fourth in reserve when area more than 10 hectares, "and not 

 entirely stocked with conifers on one-fourth area." 



Chamonix Working Plan. — The best picture of a modern French 

 working plan revision is obtained by the study of a working plan in 

 actual use; the Chamonix working plan ^^ has therefore been studied at 

 length. It is for a communal forest where there is need for a sustained 

 annual yield, and where, because of its importance as a tourist center, 

 the forest cover must be maintained. A selection system is considered 

 imperative on account of steep slopes, the danger from windfall and 

 avalanches, as well as the necessity of taking every precaution to guard 

 against erosion. 



There follows a complete resume of the plan with an explanation of 

 the methods employed. It is divided into five parts with an appendix 

 following Part V, By way of introduction the author, M. Schaeffer, 

 states that the original working plan contains complete statistics, but 

 that a number of points require modification and correction. Part I, 



^6 Proces verbal de revision d'Amenagement, par A. Schaeffer, 1910. This plan 

 costs about 20 cents per acre excluding office work. 



