GRAND DOMAINS OF ARC-ET-CHATEAUYILLAIN 325 



the daughter of the duke in 1814 who had married the Duke of Orleans. 

 It was finally left to a nephew of King Louis Philippe, the Prince of 

 Joinville. In 1852 it was again confiscated and sold to the Societe 

 Passy but in 1873 the Prince of Joinville bought it back. At the death 

 of this Prince on June 16, 1900, his son Pierre d'Orleans, the present 

 Duke of Penthievre, inherited it. After such changes of ownership it 

 is not surprising that the forest needed betterments. 



The total area of the property amounts to 27,866 acres divided as fol- 

 lows: Forest (including 212 acres reforested), 26,309 acres; deer park 

 around chateau, 608 acres; small park, 77 acres; chateau park, 178 acres; 

 saw mill, etc., 15 acres; farms and meadows, 679 acres. It is situated 

 in the department of the Haute-Marne almost at the center of the tri- 

 angle formed by the towns Chaumont, Langres, and Chatillon-sur-Seine. 

 The mean altitude is 1,148 feet, the lowest elevation 722 and the highest 

 1,312 feet. The climate is severe and grapes cannot be cultivated ex- 

 cept on the south exposure of walls. In certain parts of the forest frost 

 occurs almost every month of the year. The variations in the climate 

 and the permeability of the limestone soil, coupled with spring and fall 

 frosts, makes the climate unfavorable for good growth. Considerable 

 damage is also done by game with which the forest is stocked. The soil 

 is generally dry and of mediocre quality. The species are principally 

 oak, beech, and hornbeam. Hornbeam forms 63 per cent of the coppice 

 stands, while in the coppice-under-standards there is almost twice as 

 much oak among the standards as there is beech or hornbeam. There 

 are some 33.5 miles of paved roads on the property maintained in good 

 condition. An administrator (Gazin) has charge of the property and is 

 resident at Arc-en-Barrois. The force includes seventeen men divided 

 into three ranger districts, each guard's beat averaging about 1,850 acres. 

 It is interesting that all employees are housed and furnished free heat, a 

 uniform, pension, and medical care. The salary paid rangers and guards 

 in 1912 was as follows: Rangers, first clasS: $270; second class, $232; 

 guards, exceptional class, $193; first class, $174; second class, $154; be- 

 sides they are paid a bonus of 24 cents per day when they are engaged in 

 manual labor. The pension begins when they are 55 years old and is 

 one-sixtieth of the salary of each year of service. For example, if a man 

 has worked 30 years with an average yearly salary of $200 he would re- 

 tire when he was 55 with an annual pension of $100. It is now planned 

 to regulate the salary of the guards according to the size of their famihes 

 — the more children the larger salary. In addition the guards and 

 rangers receive supplementary pay for killing destructive animals and a 

 bonus for each head of game killed. The forest is well stocked with game 

 and during a 10-year period the average annual kill was 10 stags, 30 deer, 

 87 roebuck, 50 wild boar, and 14 hare. During 1908 the right to hunt 



