498 



APPENDIX 



The rotations were much shorter than in France. For oak the rotation was rarely 

 over 160 years, beech and fir 120, pine 70 to 80, spruce plantations 80 years — "As 

 we have said before there are no old trees in Alsace-Lorraine." The former method 

 of clear cutting followed by planting, so generally followed, has "during the last ten 

 years . . . shown a tendency toward the natural regeneration methods of the French." 

 With French control unquestionably natural regeneration will largely replace clear cutting 

 and planting. 



Logging. — The German administration did its own logging. " The felled timber 

 was transported near the roads. The oberforsters hired the lumberjacks and based 

 their wages on price schedules issued by the conservators. The workmen were super- 

 vised by the guards and especially by the lumberjack foremen. The latter were really 

 the ones to direct the logging." The manufactured product was classified according 

 to species and class of product and was auctioned in small lots so as to fill the small 

 local requirements; and with small sales there was better competition and hence higher 

 prices. Sales could not be made by mutual agreement unless the product in question 

 had first been offered at pubHc auction; nor could timber or cordwood be sold at less 

 than 10 per cent of the minimum rate (established by the landforstmeister) nor could 

 more than $2.5 worth be sold, without an auction, to the same purchaser in one fiscal 

 year. No money could be received by forest officers or employees — it was paid to 

 the "forstkrass" or "caisses forestieres" corresponding to the American fiscal agent's 

 office. 



Yield Data. — It is of interest to compare the total yield per hectare in Alsace- 

 Lorraine with border departments: 



Class of forest 



State 



State 



Communal 



State 



State 



State 



Communal 

 Communal 

 Communal 



Alsace-Lorraine ... 

 Alsace-Lorraine. . . 



Alsace-Lorraine 



Haute-Saone 



Vosges 



Meurthe-et-Moselle 



Haute-Saone 



Vosges 



Meurthe-et-Moselle 



Year 



1882 

 1913 



1913 

 1911 

 1911 

 1911 

 1911 

 1911 

 1911 



Total yield per hectare, 

 cubic meters 



Per cent saw timber 

 (bois d'ceuvre) 



47.3 (88 per cent 

 bois fort)* 



47 ".51 



56 . 8 44 . 1 average 



28.0 



20.0 



41.2 25.6 average 



15.6 



* It should be noted that according to German usage Derbholz or "bois fort" in- 

 cludes some wood which the French statistics do not class as saw timber, namely, "quar- 

 tiers" and "rondins" of the French fuel classes (that is, everything over 2.7 inches at 

 small end). 



From the above table it appears that the communal forests in Alsace-Lorraine have 

 a lighter yield than the State forests and that the French State forests in three border 

 departments in 1911 averaged 4 cubic meters per hectare per year as compared with 

 4.29 for the State forests in Alsace-Lorraine; the relative production of saw timber was 

 44.1 per cent as against 47.3 per cent for Alsace-Lorraine. The French communal 

 forests in these departments were very inferior as regards saw timber because of the 

 high proportion of coppice and coppice-under-standards. Extremely interesting figures 

 on the cost of logging and gross receipts are given for the communal forests. In 1913 

 there were 487,967 acres cut over (chiefly thinnings of varying degree) removing 862,352 

 cubic meters (about 107,785,000 board feet and 44,910 cords). In addition, 45,759 

 cubic meters of dead leaves were removed for local use as bedding, etc. The 



