street. Supply at least three yards of good earth, liberally 

 fertilized with well-rotted manure, and see to it that the 

 drainage system is as nearly perfect as it can be made. 



Select trees even in size and character, that have been 

 nursery grown, and that have been frequently trans- 

 planted, so that they will have a good mass of fibrous 

 roots near the trunk. Take great care not to let the 

 roots be exposed to sunlight or to winds, as they w ill dry 

 out and become useless. In planting, fill in the best 

 soil among the roots, and see that every root is surrounded 

 by earth, not packed down upon each other, and have 

 the soil firmly compacted and well soaked with water. 

 A stake driven firmly into the ground, to which the tree 

 can be fastened by means of a wire run through an old 

 piece of garden hose, will keep the tree from swaying and 

 loosening or tearing the tender new rootlets. A tree 

 guard, of which there are hundreds of kinds on the market, 

 should always be used, as otherwise horses or vandals 

 will soon destroy the bark. 



The care of a street tree is as important as the plant- 

 ing, and consists largely in shallow cultivation, watering, 

 and in combating the destructive insects, such as elm- 

 leaf beetle, maple scale, bag worm, etc. In places where 

 there is much trafiic, it is well to supply an iron grating 

 to cover the earth immediately surrounding the tree, as 

 otherwise the continual tramping will pack the earth so 

 hard that proper aeration and moistening will be impossi- 

 ble. In larger towns and in cities the street trees ought to 

 be placed under the care of an efficient tree warden or 

 arboriculturist, who may be an officer of the department 

 of parks. In some towns a separate shade-tree commis- 

 sion is in charge of all work connected with street trees 

 and this method has usually been very successful. 



In public squares and parks of small area, much more 

 latitude may be used in the selection of suitable planting 

 material than in street planting. Many small trees, such 

 as the fiowering dogwood, the hornbeam, paulownia, the 

 various hardy magnolias, all hawthorns, the hollies, such 

 evergreens as the Austrian pine, Swiss and stone pine, 

 arborvitae, and the many forms of the Japanese cedars, 

 are most useful, as well as the trees recommended for 

 street use; but the chief ornament of such places should 

 always be the many flowering shrubs, of which mention 

 will be made later. 



