184 THE manage:ment of 



cumference of the tree, just about three inches above 

 the surface of the ground. This first ring being 

 cut all round the bottom of the tree, three inches 

 above the surface of the ground, another should be 

 made in like manner about twelve inches higher 

 up on the boll of the tree, when the piece of bark 

 situated between those two cuts can be removed, 

 and the woodmen made to saw each tree across 

 exactly by the lower mark, or bottom of the 

 peeled wood ; this forms a guide to the men 

 not to injure the lower part left with the bark 

 upon it, as well as, when any difficulty is ex- 

 perienced in bringing the tree down, avoiding all 

 waste of bark. 



As soon as the wood and bark have been 

 removed from the ground, all rubbish and useless 

 underwood should be carefully cleared away, except- 

 ing any young healthy shoots, or young plants which 

 may be considered worth leaving upon the ground 

 with the view of their ultimately becoming trees. 

 And immediately after the ground has been cleared 

 of rubbish, the stocks or stools of the old trees will 

 have to be dressed with the adze, in order to cause 

 the young shoots to come away as low down, and as 

 near to the surface of the ground as possible. If 

 the young shoots of the oak, which are intended to 

 grow up into coppice, be allowed to proceed from 

 that part of the old stock which rises two or three 

 inches above ground, these shoots will always par- 



