FOREST TREES AND FOREST SCENERY 



theii' composition under every form and 

 modification of circumstance, we find 

 in these woods an endless novelty 

 and perennial freshness. The young 

 swamp growth of red maple, white 

 birch, and alder, bedded in grass and 

 wild flowers, is very different from the 

 dense young forest of birch and aspen 

 of the northern woods that, under the 

 influence of ample light, has sprung 

 into being after some recent fire, the 

 signs of which are still visible in the 

 charred stumps under the young trees. 

 The open groves of old oak and chest- 

 nut on the hill, with the slanting light of 

 autumn and deep beds of dry, rustling 

 leaves, are likewise different from the 

 secluded forest in unfrequented moun- 

 tains, where young and old growth 

 mingle together: crooked ashes and 

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