INFLUENCE OF FOEESTS ON CLIMATE 11 



The most important publication on the influence of 

 forests on climate is a memoir of 197 pages, entitled 

 Forest Infiuences, by E, B. Fernow and other writers, which 

 was issued in 1893 as Bulletin No. 7 by the Forestry 

 Division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The 

 reader may also peruse with interest the paper (12), 

 Oil the Thermal Injluence of Forests, read by Eobert Louis 

 Stevenson, the famous novelist, at Edinburgh in 1873. 

 Stevenson suggested systematic observations at three sets of 

 stations, in plantations, just outside them, and at a distance. 

 Such researches (13) had, however, been begun in 1866 by 

 Mathieu in the neighbourhood of Nancy, where observations 

 at three stations were carried out continuously till 1899. 

 The German IMeteorological Forest Service, which was 

 established in 1875, has made similar observations at 

 various stations from that date onwards. 



NOTES 



1. In Proc. Amcr. Soc. Civil E'liginccrs, vol. 34, pp. 924-927 (1908). 



2. Giandotti's monograph appeared originally in Giornale del Genio 

 Civile, Rome, 1915, pp. 325-408 and 425-487. It is divided into two 

 parts : (1) the inlluenoe of forests on climate in general and on precipitation, 

 and (2) the influence of forests on the regulation of surface water and under- 

 ground water. A full account is given of the researches of Ototzky in Russia 

 on the influence of forests on underground water. Floods in rivers, where 

 the forests are preserved and where they are cleared, are discussed. A final 

 section is devoted to Italy. 



3. Isohyetal lines or isohyetals are lines drawn through and connecting 

 places having equal amounts of rainfall. 



4. In Ititinud. Bull. Agric. Intelligence, iii. p. 444 (1912). 



5. See J. E. Church, in Engineering Record, 13th June 1914 and I7th 

 April 1915 ; Scientific American Supplemeiit, 7th Sept. 1912, p. 152 ; 

 Soiiderabdruck Metcorol. Zeitschr. xxx., 1913, Heft 1 ; Quarterly Journal 

 R. Meteorological Society, xi. 43-55 (Jan. 1914) ; S. P. Ferguson in Science 

 Conspectus, April 1913, pp. 152-157 ; Norman De W. Betts, in Proc. Soc. 

 Anier. Foresters, xi. 27-32 (1916); Journ. of Forestry, xvi. 585 (1918). 



6. U.S. Geol. Survey, Water- Supply Paper, 234, p. 11 (1909). 



7. Hall and Maxwell, U.S. Forest Service Circular, 176, p. 11, and Proc. 

 Soc. Amer. Foresters, iv. 133-150 (1909). 



8. See Austin F. Hawes, "Influence of Forests on Water Storage and 

 Stream-Flow," in Proc. Vermmit Society of Engineers, 12th Slarch 1914, 

 p. 29 ; and Science, 21st June 1912, p. 959. 



9. See Meteorological Office Circular, No. 6, p. 4 (Nov. 1916). 



10. At the Annual Meeting of the British Waterworks Association at 

 Birmingham, 1918, Mr. C. H. Roberts said: "Records in Aberdeen went 



