178 FORESTS, WOODS, AND TREES 



and 1600 feet elevation, supplying Hisehope reservoir 

 (1128 feet O.D.) and Smiddy Shaw reservoir (1120 

 feet O.D.), all hill pasture except one acre of gardens. 



The Company own or hold on perpetual lease from the 

 Ecclesiastical Commissioners the sites of the reservoirs only, 

 namely, 206 acres (102 owned, 104 leased) on the Weardale 

 area, and 135 acres (leased) on the Derwent area. On the 

 Weardale area there are 6 farmsteads and 1 3 houses, and on 

 the Derwent area 2 houses only. The drainage from the farm- 

 s'teads is, by agreement with the landowners, diverted on to 

 meadowland. The water is filtered. For further particulars 

 see R. Ask with, M.Inst.C.E., in Trans. Inst. Water Engineers, 

 xiv. 60 (1910). 



III. Lancashire 



Twenty-one local authorities obtain their water supply 

 from gathering grounds with a total extent of 66,412 

 acres, of which 27,085 acres are owned by 12 corporations. 

 The chief authorities owning water catchment areas in 

 Lancashire are Liverpool, Bolton, Bury, and the Heywood 

 and Middleton Water Board. Liverpool has planted 1300 

 acres on the Rivington area. Bury has not been very success- 

 ful with an afforestation scheme which was begun in 1908. 

 Planting on the Bolton areas has been a failure. There 

 are woods of small extent on the Fylde, Fulwood, and 

 Preston gathering gro\inds. The moorlands of Lancashire, 

 owing to their exposure to the west wind and the preva- 

 lence of smoke from the neighbouring manufacturing towns 

 in some districts, are not favourably situated for tree-growth. 

 The degree to which the air of the densely populated part 

 of Lancashire is fouled by smoke, and the consequent 

 deleterious effiect on vegetation, are not fully recognised. 

 The whole of southern Lancashire (the half of the county 

 lying south of the river Ribble), and especially the dis- 

 trict between Blackburn, Accrington, and Burnley on the 

 north, and Wigan, Bolton, and Manchester on the south, are 

 far too much affected by smoke to allow of anything 



