No. 244.] 403 



great West, as we have called it, the valley of the Mississippi and 

 the country as far as the Rocky Mountains, (beyond which is the 

 last great West,) have peculiar advantages ; they have become the 

 great granary and cattle fold of the nation, soil rich, is easily work- 

 ed, it may almost be said that bread is its spontaneous product. One 

 man plants one hundred acres of Indian corn and fifty of wheat, and 

 gathers them with little help, while in our Atlantic States, so long 

 worked, they demand great manuring and labor; a farm of three 

 hundred acres demands three or four men in constant labor. 



The grasses of the West are abundant and highly nourishing to 

 cattle, and there is no necessity for saving much hay. Far less care 

 of them is wanted in winter. Now it is apparent that the Atlantic 

 States are commencing a condition of things different from the West, 

 and the sooner it is understood the better We raise but a part of 

 our food; we receive it from the west, and pay in manufactured ar- 

 ticles of every description. But as to the cattle &c., from the west, 

 we must keep them to rest and fatten before used. We demand 

 gardens, we must have milk, butter, orchards, fruit and poultry. 

 These to supply towns and cities which are growing rapidly on the 

 sea board and will continue to grow. These productions will be 

 rapidly conveyed to market in the best order. 



I wish to say something as to bran. Our friend Mr. Pike is pre- 

 sent and I must say that he speaks of bran in terms not justified by 

 the practical or the scientific men who have carefully examined its 

 properties as food for animals. Chemists of the highest rank, find 

 it to possess gluten, nitrogen and abound in phosphates, that it is 

 too rich in the latter, as is proved by its forming occasionally, hard 

 substances in the stomachs of animals which have had too much of 

 it. 



Mr. Cozzens. — Hay ought always to be given with it. 



Judge Van Wyck. — The usual quantity must be given along with 

 the bran. 



Mr. Cozzens. — All ruminating animals require hay. I saw the 

 sagacity of an elephant to whom some cakes called round hearts 

 were given, in his wrapping them in hay and thus eating them. 



Mr. Pike.^ — 'There are two sorts of bran, one is called ship stuff. 



Judge Van Wyck. — I mean the hulls of wheat or grain. Husks 

 and chaflf are good to make cattle thrive, bran especially for young 



