404 [Assembly 



cattle, bran for cows in gestation; it is most important in the forma- 

 tion of bone. It is found to be good for sick cattle, and it tempts 

 the appetite of animals. 



Mr. Pike. — I stated that I gave brain as an embodiment of the 

 medicine. 



Messrs. Anthony & Emerson, churn butter from milk in three and 

 a half minutes in their patent churn. They also attempted to churn 

 butter from cream, but the cream being frozen, and then accidentally 

 placed too long near the stove, became healed to 120*^ Fah , being 

 then churned it gave a kind of drawn butter or oil, but after being 

 quiet fifteen minutes and somewhat cooled, it was again churned two 

 minutes and gave one pound and fifteen ounces of good butter from 

 seven quarts ol cream. It would seem that such a saving of time and 

 labor in making butter, would lessen the price at least one per cent, 

 per pound, while at four ounces a day of butter for each family in 

 the United States, say 3 or 4 millions of families, exhibits a saving 

 of 7 to 10,000 dollars a day. 



The Chairman calls up the regular subjects. 



Judge Van Wyck. — Europe being filled with people necessarily 

 has small farms, — we too one day must diminish the sizes of our 

 farms, — at present our children go to the West, — we have no small 

 ideas yet. One hundred acre farms are little enough for us, now. 

 In' Europe many contrive to live on lots of one, two, or three acres. 

 There are whole departments in which farms do not exceed fifteen 

 acres. These farms find their markets at their doors they cannot af- 

 ford to go far to market. Such small farmers by perfect manuring 

 and work manage to get along. 



Mr. Pike. — I think that there is no danger of a condensation of 

 farms here. There are now near me two farms for one twelve years 

 ago, the larger farmers being about division. On my farm of ninety- 

 eight acres, I have three men. The condensation of farms in Eng- 

 land, I look upon as a great evil, — it is deemed to be a great poli- 

 tical evil. Small farmers cannot sustain stock, they have to borrow 

 horses and cattle, or if they try to keep them, they half starve them, 

 so that their horses are not able to do a day's work. 



The Chairman. — The comparative surplus of the cereal grain in 

 Russia and the United States in 1847 was, Russia 224,000,000; 

 United States 224,384,502. 



