No. 244 1 411 



He said that in feeding cattle in the cold winter months, all their 

 manure was saved in the stables or yard by confining the cattle, and 

 they, notwithstanding, remained healthy, so with hogs in the fall 

 and winter months, it was a practice to confine the animals in small 

 pens, ihey fatted well and were healthy. 



But milch cows were more healthy during the warm weather when 

 they had an opportunity to roam at large at least during the day 

 time. 



That for the production of good and wholesome milk, fresh grass, 

 pure air and water, and free exercise, were indispensable requisites. 



These when obtained reserved the health of the animal without 

 which no good or wholesome milk could be produced. 



That confinement in the country where there was a full supply of 

 pure water and air, and fresh grass feed, might not produce so bad 

 const-quences as when animals were shut up in stables in and around 

 our large cities. 



That animals confined in the summer season were constantly lia- 

 ble to disease. 



Such was the case with a large number of milch cows confined at 

 the feeding establishments in this city and its neighborhood. 



The animals literally dropped down and died from disease, while 

 their inhuman owners were drawing milk from these diseased ani- 

 mals and selling it to be used in our families. 



Remarks of R. L. Pell, Esq., at the Farmer's Club, held in New- 

 Yoik, April 26, 1849, on cow manure compared with the food 

 eattn, as a fertilizer of soils. 



1 have frequently expressed an opinion against the utility of keep- 

 ing a largf^ herd of young cattle, and cows, for the express purpose 

 of enriching and manuring a farmj this plan is practiced to a great 

 extent in Europe, and likewise in this country. I know a gentleman 

 in ihe vicinity of New- York who keeps over one hundred and forty 

 cows for this purpose; and I might name twenty persons, many of 

 them known to you, who do the same thing, and who in my humble 

 opinion do wrong. You are perfectly aware that hay contains all 



