STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 107 



in the orchard, as they prefer the ripe apples, in which alone the Apple Maggots can 

 develop and attain their growth. Ilenco, where the fruit that falls is picked up fre- 

 quently and sent to mill to bo ground, or whore pigs and stock or the family consume 

 it freely, very few of the Maggots arrive to perfection. 



It is evident, from my observations and from those of ray corres- 

 pondents, that the Apple Maggot is much more apt to infest early 

 apples than the wintei* varieties. But the latter are not exempt 

 from its attacks. Mr. Henrj- Thacker, of the Oneida Community, 

 New York, writes me as follows : 



This worm at this place, and at this time, is mostly confined to certain varieties of 

 autumn apples. But at Wallingford, Conn., the winter apples were ravaged as well. 

 Of late years, however, the Baldwin and some other varieties of winter apples grow- 

 ing hero have been found bored by this maggot." 



* * "In the autumn when the larvae are full-grown thcN' leave 

 the apple and enter the ground and transform to pupoe. In my 

 breeding-cages the pupae were found about one-half inch below the 

 surface of the ground. When the change to pupa occurs the body 

 shortens, but the larval skin is not molted, the transformation 

 occurring within the dried skin of the larva. The pupa, therefore, 

 resembles the larva very much, except that it is shorter, of an oval 

 outline, and of a pale yellowish-brown color. Length about 1-5 

 iuch. 



The insect remains in the pupa state during the entire winter and 

 earl}- summer. Specimens which I bred in Washington began to 

 emerge as adults Maj' 28, and continued to emerge till July G. But 

 as these were kept in a warm room during the entire winter, their 

 development was doubtless accelerated." 



* * "The length of the body of the adult male is 1-5 inch ; of 

 the female, 1-4 inch. This fly can be easily recognized by the 

 peculiar shape of the black bands on the wings, by the milk-white 

 spot on the caudal part of the thorax (scutellum), and by the white 

 bands on the abdomen." ******* 



" Remedies. — The more practicable ways of lessening the injuries 

 caused by this pest are those suggested in the letters quoted above 

 — the destruction of infested fruit promptl}' after its fall from the 

 tree, and before the maggots leave it to go into the ground to trans- 

 form ; and when the pest is very abundant, the grafting of the trees 

 into varieties less liable to be infested. In such a case it might be 

 well to leave one or two trees of earl}' apples to serve as traps, and 



