30 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 



manure pay better than in the orchard, and I believe too that 

 mulching is often of the greatest benefit. 



The especial enemies to the apple tree in this section are the 

 borer, the mouse, the tent caterpillar, the codling moth, and the 

 apple maggot. Every tree should be examined twice in the season 

 and all borers removed. The usual method recommended to guard 

 against mice is, after every snow storm to tread down the snow 

 around the tree. This is effectual, but one year there was a heavy 

 fall of snow in April. It being supposed that the winter was over, 

 no attention was paid to the trees, and I lost twenty trees girdled by 

 mice in one day in April. Since then I have always protected all 

 trees less than two inches in diameter b}' means of a piece of old 

 stove or tin pipe. The pipe costs nothing. Cut it into pieces large 

 enough to go around the tree and about ten inches high. This is 

 but little more trouble and is a sure protection. The simplest rem- 

 edy for the tent caterpillar is to examine the branches in autumn or 

 winter, and whenever a branch of the eggs is discovered glued on 

 towards the end of a small branch, cut off and destroy it. If, how- 

 ever, some escape detection, the moment the caterpillars are dis- 

 covered in the spring, destroy them. Follow this course faithfully 

 and the great loss of fruit and injur}' to the trees that occurred a few 

 years since can never happen. 



The apple maggot was particular!}' destructive with me the past 

 season in the Talman Sweet, Red Astrachan, and Mother apples, 

 but did not trouble other trees. As we are presently to have a 

 paper from the able pen of one who has made a thorough study of 

 the codling moth, I will not now dwell upon it. 



When one is about to commence an orchard, the first inquiry he 

 makes is, what varieties shall I plant? The answer must depend 

 very much upon the object sought. If it is merely to have an 

 orchard for profit^ then the answer is ver}' simple. Turn a deaf ear 

 to all the seductive talk of the tree agent about his wonderful new 

 varieties illustrated by beautiful pictures, and set onh' the old stand- 

 ards, the Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, Bellfiower 

 and Talman Sweet, and if you have a near market, the Red Astrachan 

 for ver}' early, and the Porter for autumn. But if one wishes to 

 raise apples for famil}- use there are several others that are desirable, 

 such as the Fameuse, Jewett's Fine Red, Peck's Pleasant, Wagner, 

 Hunt's Russet, and perhaps a few others, but there can be no greater 

 mistake than having too manv varieties. If one wishes to have an 



