STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 57 



one each. In no case did a worm kuaw through into the burrow of 

 another. 



When does the znorm leave the apple? July 22, out of 59 apples 

 27 had been deserted by the worms, which had doubtless completed 

 their growth and gone out to form their cocoons. These samples 

 were Baldwins and Nodheads in about equal proportions, but I re- 

 gret that m}' notes do not allow me to say whether they were taken 

 directly from the ti-ees or picked from the ground. We may say 

 then that the worms begin to leave the apple before Jul^' 22. On 

 the 29th I found cocoons already formed by worms that came from 

 apples gathered on the 24th. 



Does the worm leave the apple before or after it falls from the tree ? 

 In 8 cases out of 32, August 3d, the worm had left the apples that 

 still hung on the tree. The same was true in 11 cases out of 38, 

 August 7, and so on. In order to determine how many apples that 

 drop contain worms at the time of dropping requires some close 

 observations that I have not made. As to apples that have been 

 accumulating on the ground, I have some notes. September 3, I 

 examined fifteen or twent}- such apples and found a worm in about 

 one out of five or six. Similar results were obtained at other dates. 

 The Cocoons. To aid in the study of the habits of the worm from the 

 time of leaving the fruit, several expedients were adopted. Apples 

 supposed to contain worms were placed in covered pasteboard boxes, 

 along with bits of paper. The full grown larvte crawled out from the 

 apples and formed cocoons under the paper and in the corners of the 

 boxes. These were examined dailv and as soon as each cocoon was 

 formed the date was affixed to the paper or the box alongside. These 

 were afterwards separated by cutting the boxes up, when each cocoon 

 could be placed in a box or vial by itself. Some two bushels of 

 wormy apples gathered the first week in August were placed in half 

 barrels which were covered over with many thicknesses of old news- 

 papers with a stout cloth outside, all securely tied down so that no 

 worms could crawl out. The cover was several times removed and 

 the worms that had crawled up and made their cocoons around the 

 chink or in the folds of paper were destroyed or transferred to small 

 boxes for further experiment. 



One of the first things learned was the existence of a strong in- 

 stinct in the worms in the bai-rels to crawl upwaixl as soon as the}' 

 had left the apples. The most enticing traps were set for them, 

 resting on the top of the fruit, but not a worm could be induced to 



