100 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



should be taken not to inhale the steam. When dissolved, reduce 

 to about 200 gallons to make it safe for the foliage. Care should be 

 taken not to give an}' part of the tree a double portion or throw the 

 spray forcibly against the leaves, as 1 have myself scorched the 

 leaves by neglecting both of these precautions. When spraying, 

 always stand so as to throw the spray with the wind, beginning 

 always on the lee side of the orchard, working backwards against 

 the wind. In two experiments with a solution of London purple, at 

 the rate of one pound to 200 gallons of water, owing to the uncer- 

 tain strength of the purple and the force with which it struck the 

 leaves (thrown by a fountain force pump), or from both causes 

 combined, I found within a few days the foliage and fruit were both 

 scorched to an extent that dwarfed them for the rest of the season. 

 I would advise novices to test the strength of this and all other 

 arsenical solutions, b}' spraying a single branch and noting its con- 

 dition a week afterwards. 



For the destruction of the first brood of worms it should be ap- 

 plied as soon as the apples are as large as currants. As to the 

 number of applications, more light from actual experiment is needed. 

 It a rain occurs soon after spraying, the operation should be re- 

 peated. Let me here say, in connection with the subject of rain, 

 that all animals must be kept out of the orchard after spraying with 

 either one of the above-named solutions, until heav}' rains have 

 washed the foliage and grass. 



In what I have said above about spraying b}' any of the insecti- 

 cides, reference is made to the first brood of worms only. If suc- 

 cessful in destroj'ing these and your neighbors do the same, there 

 will be no second brood. Further experiments are needed, not only 

 to determine which of the three above-named substances is best, but 

 also, if possible, to find some insecticide that can be safely applied to 

 the destruction of the second brood (where there is one) without 

 injury to the fruit. Hoping to be able to attempt, if not accomplish 

 this the coming season, I will close by reminding fruit raisers that 

 after two large crops of apples in succession, we maj- expect a small 

 one of fruit, accompanied by a large one of codling moths next sea- 

 son, and we should act accordingl}'. 



