112 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



large or fair, must be rightly consiojned to the "seconds." Falling 

 cannot but bruise them even if the bruise does not at once appear ; 

 but soon the bruised spot becomes discolored, decaj'S, and produces 

 injuiy to a whole barrel. It is not necessar3' to have stems attached 

 to all apples classed as "ones," but the facing apples should all have 

 stems attached to them. Occasionall}- an apple with a worm hole in 

 the blossom end may be admitted to a No. 1 classification, if other- 

 wise large, fair and sound ; but a worm hole in the side discards an 

 apple from this class, however fair it ma}* otherwise be. In barrel- 

 ling have sweet, clean, good barrels — new ones if possible, if not, 

 flour or cracker barrels thoroughly washed and cleaned, with all nails 

 bent or broken off ; this work having been done during the dull days 

 of haying, and not just at the moment when used, for apples should 

 never be put into barrels not perfectly dry. First, into the bottom 

 of the barrel, which is to be the opening end, lay in a large sheet of 

 white, unprinted paper, then face in a layer or two — some handlers 

 want two layers faced — stems downward. Fill the barrel by empty- 

 ing in the picking baskets full, one after another, giving each a stead}' 

 but quite vigorous shake to settle them into position, until the barrel 

 is full, having the last apples come a little above the chine. Head 

 by means of the screw header, nail in the head securely', and with 

 small twisted brads which will not go through the staves, see that 

 the hoops are securely tacked down. Now, having grown and packed 

 apples of which you will not be ashamed in any market in the world, 

 put upon the head of each barrel a printed label bearing the name 

 of the variety, and the name and place of residence of the grower, 

 or name of the orchard, if you have a fancy or home-like name for 

 ^•our place or orchard. These are necessary requisites in obtaining a 

 reputation for your fruit, and you want a reputation if you expect 

 money and success from the business. So far, we have been talking 

 only of choice No. 1 fruit. Your seconds must be reserved for domestic 

 use or the local home markets. The windfalls must be fed or dis- 

 posed of in some other way. I am so much opposed to cider man- 

 ufacture, cider manufactures so many tipplers who graduate from the 

 higher paths of liquor drinking, that I would bury all m}' windfalls 

 rather than have them used for so diabolical a purpose. Still, good 

 cider vinegar is infinitely better than the acidulated water sold so 

 largely for vinegar, though the market for vinegar is not a large one, 

 hereabouts, and is usually well supplied. 



