STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 67 



must be taken up by the first of November, and exposed to the 

 air long enough to remove any excessive moisture, then pack in 

 dry sand and put in a diy, cool cellar. Start in sawdust early in 

 spring. Soil must not he rich. Roses require a rich soil ; and in 

 the spring cut off all old wood and weak last year's growth, and 

 remove slugs, lice, and other insects, by washing with whale oil 

 §oap. Manure should be applied to the surface of the soil about 

 the bushes, in November, to protect the roots, and they should be 

 laid down and covered with earth or evergreen boughs. Honey- 

 suckles, woodbines, wistarias, &c., should be taken from arbors, 

 trellises, walls and pillars, and laid down and covered, in the same 

 .manner. Shrubs like Wiegelas, rose acacia, Japan quince, snow- 

 balls, Mahonia and deutzias, can be tied up to represent small 

 trees in a yard, by a little care in choosing evergreen boughs to 

 do it with. Large shrubs, like syringas, need to be tied up, to 

 prevent the snow from breaking the branches. 



The soil and location of a garden are important things to be 

 considered. If clayey subsoil, it should be thoroughly drained. 

 If sandy loam, there is not so much need of draining. Good, rich 

 .manure should be thoroughly worked -in, in the spring, and the 

 beds levelled off, and soil freed from lumps, rocks, &c., as early as 

 possible. A southerly exposure is preferable for a garden, and it 

 should be protected on the north side by an evergreen hedge 



In planting seeds care must be taken not to plant the small ones 

 too deep ; just cover lightly with fine earth. Larger seeds can 

 be sown one-quarter of an inch deep, and sweet peas four inches 

 deep. Sow hardy seeds as early as first of May ; half hardy, from 

 middle of May to the first of June. In transplanting choose a 

 cloudy day, and shade or cover the plants if the sun comes out 

 warm and bright ; disturb the roots as little as possible ; water for 

 a few days at sunset, if they wilt much, and care for them until 

 they get established. I would sow seeds of pansies, sweet ally- 

 sum, mignonette or violets in every bed, to cover the ground, and 

 all plants grow just as well (and I think better) for having a Few 

 of these to keep the ground moist. 



Edgings form another very important feature in a garden. 

 Grass makes a neat edge if properly cared for, but it requires too 

 much care to be very popular. Pansies, iris, daisies and violets 

 make neat edgings, also some species of pinks, and they require 

 but little care after they are set out. I have used house leeks for 

 years, and every one that sees them admires them. They are 



