STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 99 



eating usually little but the sap-wood and inner bark, and com- 

 pletes its growth in one year. It has great capacity for mischief, 

 sometimes entirely ruining thrifty young trees, even eating through 

 them. The second segment decreases in size. So the larvae 

 appears to have a tail. Both of the appletree borers pupate in a 

 cocoon made of their own chips. The beetle which comes from 

 this second borer, is smaller than the other; color, a greenish 

 black glossy lustre. The method of treating this insect is the 

 same given for the Saperda." 



Girdling by Mice. 



Where field mice are abundant, it often happens that thrifty 

 young trees are completely girdled and ruined by them. They 

 sometimes work unsuspected and concealed under the snow using 

 the mulch for their winter quarters. In localities where they are 

 known to exist, the trees may be preserved from their destructive 

 gnawing by encasing the base with some metalic substance. 

 *"Take old tin pails, at least eight inches in height, cut up in 

 strips of suitable width, winding one about the base of each tree. 

 If not enough pails can be obtained, try old stove pipe, or any 

 refuse tinware, as old tin boilers, etc., or if needs be, apply to 

 your neighbors or to the tin shop. These metalic cases should be 

 placed about the trees late in autumn just before banking and 

 removed in the spring, and be continued until the trees have out- 

 grown their sleek-haired antagonist, all of which can be accom- 

 plished with very little labor and expense. This preventive has 

 proved infallible, not having failed in a single instance." 



Ilaving now treated of the insects injurious to the tree, we 

 proceed to consider the insects which prey upon the fruit. 



The Codling Moth or Apple Worm — [Garpocapsa pomonella,) L. 

 The apple worm has worked very generally in our State for a 

 series of years. Thousands upon thousands of bushels of apples 

 have been destroyed each season, and hardly an orchard has 

 escaped its miserable mining. 



f " The codling moth is an imported insect. There was a time 

 when it had no existence in this land, and it furnishes us with an 

 excellent illustration of the importance of preventing the importa- 

 tion of noxious insects. If we had had the knowledge we now 

 have, we might easily have prevented its introduction, thus saving 

 the immense loss which it has caused. The mellowing and vivify- 

 ing influence of the vernal year causes our codling moth to burst the 



* A. 0. Pratt. 



t Lecture on Entomology by Prof. C. V. Riley, State Entomologist of Missouri. 



