STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 23 



place, where it spins its cocoon, and in which it remains from 

 twelve to eighteen days, after which it comes out a perfect moth, 

 and having paired, the female lays her eggs on the apples at a later 

 period, giving rise to the worms in the apples of fall and winter. 

 The fruit should be gathered up immediately after it falls, before 

 the worms leave it to find a retreat in which to spin their cocoons, 

 and such immediate use made of the apples as would destroy the 

 worms. Some recommend allowing the hogs to run in the orchard 

 to eat the apples as soon as they fall. This cannot be wholly re- 

 lied upon, as some of the worms leave the apples before they fall, 

 therefore it is advisable to scrape off all the rough portions of the 

 bark which would harbor these insects, and burn them to destroy 

 all the cocoons, also to keep the ground under the trees smooth 

 and clear of all rubbish under which the worms might form their 

 cocoons ; and before any of the apples fall from the trees, bands 

 of hay, straw or cloth should be bound around the trunks of the 

 trees, so that the worms seeking a place of concealment may find 

 none till they arrive at the bands, where they will be more than 

 likely to take up their quarters. These bands should be removed 

 every week or ten days at the most, and put into scalding water to 

 destroy the cocoons. The bands should be kept on the trees till 

 all the apples are gathered. In the spring all the boxes or barrels 

 in which apples have been stored should be carefully examined for 

 the cocoons of those worms which were in the apples when they 

 were gathered. It may seem a great task to do all this, but when 

 I remind you that each female that escapes in the spring lays from 

 two hundred to three hundred eggs, and thus spoils as many 

 apples, you will agree with mo, that the destruction of these 

 cocoons becomes of prime importance. 



The Plum Curculio, ( Gonotrachelus nenuphar, Herbst.^ 

 This little beetle makes a crescent-shaped slit in the side of the 

 young fruit, by means of the snout with which it is provided, rais- 

 ing the convex side and depositing an egg under it. Each female 

 has from fifty to one hundred eggs, and deposits from five to ten a 

 day; her activity varying with the temperature. The egg hatches 

 out in a short time, and the larva eats in to the stone, when the 

 fruit falls from the tree, and the larva escapes, making its way into 

 the ground, where it undergoes its transformations. After the 

 beetles come from the ground, they feed on fruit as long as that 

 lasts, gouging holes into it with their snouts. After the fruit is 



